Wei Qing Ong 1,*, Alan Wee Chiat Tan 1, V. Vijayakumar Vengadasalam 1, Cheah Heng Tan 2 and Thean Hai Ooi 2 1 Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, Melaka 75450, Malaysia; [email protected] (A.W.C.T.); [email protected] (V.V.V.) 2 Motorola Solutions Malaysia Sdn. Bhd., Plot 2 Technoplex Industrial Park, Mukim 12 SWD, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malay...

Shock waves and shock-shock interaction are typical phenomena in supersonic or hypersonic flows that have significant impacts on aerodynamic performance. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism shock wave interaction, detection (SWD) methods required. However, it is often challenging for most current SWD to identify relationship between (also known as topology). address this is...

The contribution of the zona incerta (ZI) of the thalamus on spike-wave discharges (SWDs) was investigated. Chronic recordings of bilateral cortices, bilateral vibrissa muscle, and unilateral ZI were performed in Long-Evans rats to examine the functional role of SWDs. Rhythmic ZI activity appeared at the beginning of SWD and was accompanied by higher-oscillation frequencies and larger spike mag...

The absence epilepsy typical electroencephalographic pattern of sharp spikes and slow waves (SWDs) is considered to be due to an interaction of an initiation site in the cortex and a resonant circuit in the thalamus. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cationic I h pacemaker channels (HCN) play an important role in the enhanced cortical excitability. The role of thalamic HCN...

Depression and/or anxiety are major comorbidities of epilepsy. However, the contribution of absence epileptic discharges in psychiatric syndromes is inconclusive. This study aimed to clarify the influence of absence seizure in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors using normal Wistar rats and Long-Evans rats with spontaneous spike-wave discharges (SWDs). Anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated b...

Sodium valproate(VPA), ethosuximide(ESM), 200 mg/kg ip and flunarizine (FLU) 5 or 10 mg/kg ip were first administered independently to rats in order to study their effects on behavioural and EEG aspects of spike and wave discharges (SWDs) induced by y- hydroxybutyrate (GHB,100 mg/kg ip). GHB treated rats show behavioural changes and concomitant repetitive EEG episodes of 7 to 9 Hz SWDs, mimicki...