1. Renewable Wind and Solar Energies: The Context 1.1. An Economical and Environmental Necessity 1.2. Energy Definitions and Units 2. Basic Knowledge in Geophysics for Energy Resource Evaluation 2.1. Earth Energy Budget and Atmospheric Motion 2.2. Near Surface Wind 2.3. Impacts of Clouds and Aerosols on Surface Solar Radiation 3. Wind Energy Resource 3.1. Wind Energy: A Brief History 3.2. Wind ...

Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), is an established technique that exploits GNSS signals of opportunity reflected from the surface of the ocean, to look primarily at the ocean surface roughness. The strength of this technique, and the primary motivation to carry it forward, is in the fact that GNSS signals are available globally, all the time and over the long term, and...

The time series of 20th century Siberian warm season (May to October) precipitation (SWP) shows variations over decadal timescales, including a wetting trend since the 1970s. Here, it is shown that the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) can be implicated as a remote driver of the decadal-scale variations in SWP. Observational analysis identifies a significant in-phase relationship between ...

Fluctuations of the refractive index associated with atmospheric turbulence affect the propagation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves in the atmosphere. In the reported study, the effects of turbulence on wave propagation in the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) are considered in terms of the second-order refractive index structure function and related to its structure-function par...

The influence of spatial and temporal variations in wind forcing on the circulation in lakes is investigated using field data and the three-dimensional Estuary and Lake Computer Model (ELCOM) applied to Lake Kinneret. Lake Kinneret field data from six thermistor chains and eight wind anemometers deployed during July 2001 are presented. Internal wave motions are well reproduced by the numerical ...

Wind on Mars is a significant agent of contemporary surface change, yet the absence of in situ meteorological data hampers the understanding of surface-atmospheric interactions. Airflow models at length scales relevant to landform size now enable examination of conditions that might activate even small-scale bedforms (ripples) under certain contemporary wind regimes. Ripples have the potential ...

Telecommunication tower is an important component of the basic infrastructure of communication systems and thus preserving them in events of natural disasters - such as a severe earthquake - is of high priority. In past studies, researchers have mostly considered the effects of wind and earthquake-induced loads on 3-legged (triangular cross-section) self-supporting steel telecommunication tower...

Comprehensive control of odors, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3) and odorous volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions associated with animal production is a critical need. Current methods utilizing wind tunnels and flux chambers for measurements of gaseous emissions from area sources such as feedlots, lagoons, pastures and cropland are often criticized for potential bias. The bias is due ...