PURPOSE To investigate the effects of acquired superior oblique palsy (SOP) and corrective strabismus surgery on torsional optokinetic nystagmus (tOKN) in monkeys. METHODS The trochlear nerve was severed intracranially in two rhesus monkeys (M1 and M2). For each monkey, more than 4 months after the SOP, the ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle was denervated and extirpated. For M2, 4 months la...

OBJECTIVES To compare the surgical outcomes of inferior oblique (IO) myectomy in congenital superior oblique palsy (SOP) according to the presence of the trochlear nerve identified with high-resolution MRI. DATA EXTRACTION Forty-one congenital SOP patients without a trochlear nerve (absent group) and 23 patients with a trochlear nerve (present group) who underwent IO myectomy as the primary s...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical features, etiology, and management of superior oblique tendon incarceration syndrome. METHODS This series consists of all patients I treated between September 15, 1974, and March 1, 2006, for restrictive hypertropia in which the superior oblique tendon was found scarred to the superior rectus muscle insertion after prior surgery. RESULTS Twenty eyes in 18 ...

Background: In 1991, Wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. Originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. The aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with Apattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lata ...

Purpose To understand the relationship of static ocular counter rolling (s-OCR) and clinical manifestations in acquired unilateral superior oblique palsy subjects during the Bielschowsky head tilt test. Methods Nineteen subjects that were diagnosed with acquired unilateral superior oblique palsy were included. Fundus photographs were obtained at different head tilt angles to evaluate static o...

PURPOSE Although alteration in hypertropia induced by head tilt is considered a clinical criterion for diagnosis of superior oblique (SO) palsy, the mechanism of this head-tilt-dependent hypertropia (HTDHT) is unclear. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to study extraocular muscle (EOM) responses to head tilt in HTDHT. METHODS Orbital MRI was used to study 16 normal subj...

Force-length recordings were made from isolated human eye muscles during strabismus surgery in local, eye-drop anesthesia in 32 adult patients. From each muscle three recordings were made: (I) while the patient looked with the other eye into the field of action of the recorded muscle, (2) looked ahead, and (3) looked out of the field of action of the recorded muscle. Non-innervated eye muscles ...