Abstract CRISPR–Cas9 generates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) to activate cellular repair pathways for genome editing. The of DSBs leads small insertions or deletions (indels) and other complex byproducts, including large chromosomal translocations. Indels are well understood disrupt target genes, while the deleterious byproducts remain elusive. We developed a new in silico analysis pipeline...

Yang Cai, Andreas Fredenhagen*, Paul HuGf and Heinrich H. Peter Core Drug Discovery Technologies, Pharmaceutical Research and t Research Services, Physics Department, CIBA-GEIGY Ltd., 4002 Basel, Switzerland (Received for publication April 1, 1996) Alkaloids of the indolocarbazole type bind to ATP-binding sites of various enzymes. Staurosporine isolated from Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp....

A pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to produce biofuels, polymers, and other chemicals plays a vital role in the biochemical conversion process toward disrupting the closely associated structures of the cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin molecules. Various pretreatment steps alter the chemical/physical structure of lignocellulosic materials by solubilizing hemicellulose and/or lignin, decreas...

Inclusion of bioethanol in the transportation fuel by displacing part of the petroleum-derived energy has become an emerging trend due to limited availability of fossil fuel and its potential association with global warming. With a suitable strain of microorganism, sugar from the agricultural waste could be fermented to produce bioethanol, which is a highly effi cient energy source generating m...

 Carbohydrates, NDF and NFC, comprise about 70% of DM in diets for lactating cows.  While diets containing 21% forage-NDF are common, depending on forage availability, price and quality, diets can be found within a normal range of 16% 24% forage-NDF (DM basis).  Maximum NFC guidelines are positively related to forage-NDF content in diets for lactating cows.  Starch is the major component of...

Industrial biotechnology aims to develop robust microbial cell factories, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to produce an array of added value chemicals presently dominated by petrochemical processes. Xylose is the second most abundant monosaccharide after glucose and the most prevalent pentose sugar found in lignocelluloses. Significant research efforts have focused on the metabolic engineerin...

INTRODUCTION Bacterial nonspecific acid phosphohydrolases (NSAPs) or phosphatases are group of enzymes secreted as soluble periplasmic proteins or retained as membrane bound lipoproteins that are usually able to dephosphorylate a broad array of structurally unrelated organic phosphoesters (nucleotides, sugar phosphates, phytic acid etc.) to acquire inorganic phosphate (Pi) and organic byproduct...

Coastal Bermuda grass (CBG) has been shown to have potential as a biomass feedstock for sugar production. In this study, the effectiveness of ozone pretreatment for CBG to improve the sugar recovery via enzyme hydrolysis was investigated. Raw CBG and autohydrolysistreated CBG were pretreated with ozone at ozone consumption of 1.8 to 26.4 % (w/w) at room temperature. Lignin degradation and hemic...