In this study, the particle size distribution (PSD) of soil sediment from topsoil obtained erosion experiments under different conditions was measured. Rainfall simulators were used for rain generation on plots with slopes 22°, 30°, 34° and length 4.25 m. The influence external factors (slope initial state) aggregate evaluated by laser diffractometer (LD). representation percentage in eroded al...

the present research was performed in patom, namkhaneh, gorazbon, chelir and baharbon districts in kheyrud forest. due to existence of forest typology map and extension of study area, this study was confined to beech dominated forests. a stratified sampling method based on landform is used to locate 1000 m2 circular sample plots. the number of fagus orientalis lipsky trees ? 7.5 cm in dbh withi...

We describe the design of an acoustic emission (AE) measurement assembly for reliable acquisition of a multi-year timeseries in steep alpine rock-walls. The motivation for collection of these data is to enhance understanding of freezinginduced rock damage. Because measurements in natural rock slopes are challenging, this study investigates technical options suitable to capture AE signals from d...

We present the SCORPION project and the new ESTEC funded ARAMIES project to design, built and program a multi-functional, multi-degree of freedom, ambulating robot that is capable of autonomous operation in extremely difficult environments. The special focus in the ARAMIES project is on very uneven and steep terrain, e.g. crater slopes. The software approach of both robots is based on a bio-ins...

The Manning friction coefficient as a one-dimensional (1D) openchannel flow parameter is determined from a series of two-dimensional (2D) simulations of the flow on steep slopes using a computational hydraulic solver derived from a minimal intervention strategy (MIS2D). Computations are also conducted for the oblique dam-break waves to evaluate the performance of MIS2D. The results are compared...

Recent efforts in planetary robotic exploration aim toward craters, skylights, and other depressions with challenging terrain conditions. The access to such places requires traversing on extreme slopes where high levels of slip greatly hamper rover mobility and control. To successfully reach valuable targets such as water ice and mineral outcrops in these locations, slip must be promptly arrest...

We found that craters in the mid-latitudes of Mars possess a marked asymmetry, which is linked with the occurrence of gullies. We also found that a prerequisite for gully formation is the occurrence of steep slopes. The analysis was performed in three areas with elevation data from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) on-board Mars Express. Figure 1: MOLA global map with our study sites mar...

The authors examined the effects of locomotor experience on infants' perceptual judgments in a potentially risky situation--descending steep and shallow slopes--while manipulating social incentives to determine where perceptual judgments are most malleable. Twelve-month-old experienced crawlers and novice walkers were tested on an adjustable sloping walkway as their mothers encouraged and disco...