A significant nutrient load can be generated internally by publicly owned treatment works (POTWs). These nutrients can be found in the reject water, also known as side streams, of many municipal wastewater and sewage sludge treatment processes. These side streams include the reject stream from membranes, supernatant liquid from sludge digesters, and the centrate/filtrate return stream from sewa...

Diagnosis of Intermittent Faults in Discrete Event Systems Hu Hong Master of Applied Science Graduate Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto September 2012 Fault diagnosis in discrete event systems is studied using a state-based framework. Faults can be either intermittent or permanent. For intermittent faults, system may recover from faulty behaviour through re...

This paper presents the cognizant enterprise maturity model (CEMM). The model provides tripartite usage of calibration, capability assessment, and maturity advancement. The entry point is an organizational and departmental profiler that provides relevance measures based on fuzzy multicriteria group decision-making (FMCGDM) capabilities to key maturity areas (KMAs) identified for the five-level ...

In this paper, we describe an automatic people-counting system based on a wireless sensor network at a mountain area. Several people-counting systems have been proposed separately. However, these systems are not suitable to a place such as the mountain area because of a few problems. In this paper, we develop a system which can count the number of visiting people and sense environment informati...

Semantic People Tagging is an Enterprise 2.0-style approach to making expertise and individual capabilities transparent. By combining it with a collaborative ontology editor and thus the possibility to construct a shared vocabulary and understanding, it can be a supplement for cumbersome competence management, or expert finder solutions, which lack acceptance among employees, and suffer from ou...

Research from a variety of fields including psychology and linguistics have found correlations and patterns in personal attributes and behavior, but efforts to understand the broader heterogeneity in human behavior have not yet integrated these approaches and perspectives with a cohesive methodology. Here we extract patterns in behavior and relate those patterns together in a highdimensional pi...

Conspiracy theories have been seen as important supporting components in extreme political beliefs. This paper considers conspiracy theories in the counter jihad movement, an international network combining cultural nationalism with xenophobia towards Muslims. Academic accounts have described the importance of Islamisation conspiracy theories within this movement. This paper evaluates the natur...

Conventional economic theory, coupled with standard preference parameters predict that labor supply should fall markedly over time. However, this contradicts the empirical reality that labor supply rises at the very onset of economic development, subsequently tends to fall, and then stabilizes. This paper addresses this pattern of labor supply over time, and explains it via the proliferation of...

“point” and “area” (originally film) detectors. The first X-ray diffraction experiment by Friedrich and Knipping [1] used film, but within the same year Bragg was using an ionization chamber mounted on a rotating arm [2]. The advantage of Bragg's X-ray detector was that it defined precisely the angle of the diffracted rays and, in general, gave more accurate intensity measurements. The advantag...

So far we do not have much serious scholarship on the study of polygamy in ancient China, except for collections of literary compositions. Keith McMahon's newest book, Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao, fills in this blank in the field of Chinese studies. In this book, written with conscientiousness and compassion, Keith McMahon illustrates early Chin...