cGMP. The extremely high amplification of rod phototransduction—universally enabling vertebrate rods to achieve single-photon signaling reliability—is achieved primarily by the cascaded action of the two enzymes R* and PDE*. Vadim Y. Arshavsky* and Edward N. Pugh, Jr.†‡ *Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts 02114 †Depa...

BNG-1, a novel mixture of traditional Chinese medicines with a long history in the treatment of stroke, exhibited acute neuroprotection effect on rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Anti-ischemic effects were seen in both animals receiving BNG-1 before the ischemic insult as well as in animals receiving the drug formulation after surgical occlusion of the artery. Anti-thrombic ac...

The cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) play an important role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone and activation of inflammatory cells. Intracellular concentrations of these nucleotides are tightly regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Several families of PDEs are now recognized and, within each isoenzyme family, mole...

We study the dynamics of resonances analytic perturbations 0th order pseudodifferential operators P(s). In particular, we prove a Fermi golden rule for P(s) at embedded eigenvalues $$P=P(0)$$ . answer question on generic absence asked by Colin de Verdière (Anal PDE 13:1521–1537, 2020). also $$P+it\Delta $$ as converge to simple P. The consider satisfy natural dynamical assumptions and are used ...

 Image restoration is an essential preprocessing step for many image analysis applications. In any image restoration techniques, keeping structure of the image unchanged is very important. Such structure in an image often corresponds to the region discontinuities and edges. The techniques based on partial differential equations, such as the heat equations, are receiving considerable attention i...

We consider an optimal control problem (OCP) for a partial differential equation (PDE) with random coefficients. The function is deterministic, distributed forcing term that minimizes expected quadratic regularized loss functional. For the numerical approximation of this PDE-constrained OCP, we replace expectation in objective functional by suitable quadrature formula and, eventually, discretiz...

Insulin stimulation of adipocytes results in serine phosphorylation/activation of phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) and activation of a kinase that phosphorylates PDE 3B in vitro, key events in the antilipolytic action of this hormone. We have investigated the role for p70 S6 kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and protein kinase B (PKB) in the insulin signaling pathway leading...

Cyclic nucleotides have been implicated in the differentiation and function of the vertebrate retina . In the normal retina of DBA mice, the specific activity of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), with cyclic-AMP as the substrate (cAMP-PDE), increases eightfold between the 6th and 20th postnatal day. Kinetic analysis of retinae from newborn mice reveals a PDE with a single Michaelis con...