Migratory routes and wintering grounds can have important fitness consequences, which can lead to divergent selection on populations or taxa differing in their migratory itinerary. Collared (Ficedula albicollis) and pied (F. hypoleuca) flycatchers breeding in Europe and wintering in different sub-Saharan regions have distinct migratory routes on the eastern and western sides of the Sahara deser...

To investigate pedological criterion on land degradation in Quaternary rock units, at first, a part of the shoor watershed area was selected. After distinguishing target area, slope classes, land use and geology maps were created, then map of units were founded by overlaying and crossing these maps. In this research three indices of erodibility, salinity and permeability of soils were considere...

This paper is the archival record of the INFORMS Philip McCord Morse Lecture delivered in 2008. It describes the author’s research on four topics in homeland security and public health: preparedness and response to a bioterror anthrax attack, preparedness and response to a bioterror attack on the food supply, routes of transmission and infection control for pandemic influenza, and biometrics (e...

Among bacteria that reach the central nervous system (CNS), Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is one of deadliest, in human and ruminant. This facultative intracellular bacterium has the particularity to induce meningitis, meningoencephalitis and rhombencephalitis. Mechanisms by which Lm accesses the CNS remain poorly understood, but two major routes of infection have been proposed, based on clinical...

Our study explores eye movements and driving behaviour in safety-critical situations. We collected eye movements from subjects instructed to drive predetermined routes in a driving simulator. While driving, the subjects performed various cognitive tasks designed to divert their attention away from the road. The subjects were divided in two groups, a control and a “gaze-contingent cue” (GCC) gro...

Host-specific parasites of humans are used to track ancient migrations. Based on archaeoparasitology, it is clear that humans entered the New World at least twice in ancient times. The archaeoparasitology of some intestinal parasites in the New World points to migration routes other than the Bering Land Bridge. Helminths have been found in mummies and coprolites in North and South America. Hook...

Many studies have been undertaken in rodents to study the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE). Only a few studies have focused on the pathogenesis of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in their natural hosts. In this review, we summarize the most recent insights into the pathogenesis of BSE and scrapie starting from the initial uptake of TSE agents an...

U.S. Customs deals with a huge number of cargo trucks and shipments crossing borders by air, water and land. In this paper, we present a system for Outlier analysis by measuring waywardness, called OUTLAW. It distinguishes abnormal and wayward behavior of cargo or goods from that of normal. This wayward behavior can appear to be normal due to lack of correlation. Our aim will be to combine disp...

We study the problem of designing a set of highly-profitable freight routes in a railway network, taking into account the capacity of the network and the level of service requested by different goods; in particular the profit achieved by transporting a good is a nonlinear function of the associated transit time. We propose an ILP model which is solved heuristically by column generation and fixi...

The UV laser flash excitation of diphenylamine in methanol at 308 nm leads to similar triplet decay routes as those found previously for N-methyldiphenylamine and triphenylamine. The temperature dependence of the diphenylamine triplet decay shows that both ring closure to form triplet dihydrocarbazole and intersystem crossing back to the ground state take place. The Arrhenius parameters for the...