by John G. Cramer Alternate View Column AV-150

Nanostructures formed by chemical reaction can modify the interfacial forces present in aqueous solution near a surface. This study uses force-volume microscopyto explore this phenomenon for the growth of manganese oxide nanostructures on rhodochrosite. The interfacial forces above the oxide nanostructures are dominated by electrostatic repulsion for probe-surface separations greater than ca. 2...

We discuss and analyze the properties of Casimir forces acting between nonreciprocal objects in thermal equilibrium. By starting from fluctuation-dissipation theorem splitting force into those arising individual sources, we show that if all temperatures are equal, resulting is reciprocal derivable as gradient a (free) energy. While expression for free energy identical to one objects, there seve...

The arguments of Kubo and Gor'kov-Eliashberg concerning the level fluctuations of small metallic particles (s.m.p.) are reviewed. We make plausible that Random Matrix Theory is not applicable to be s.m.p. problem within the free electron picture and when Dirichlet boundary conditions are used. Next, in the frame of an exactly soluble two-dimensional model, we determine the level-spacing-distrib...