obtaining a seismic section with high temporal and spatial resolution was always one of the goals of seismic data processors and interpreters. accurate estimation of the thicknesses of thin beds is an important tool in this regard. the basic problem is that the wavelength of the signal must be similar in dimention to that of the bed thinness. if it is much longer than the bed thinness, the dete...

Interferometric redatuming is a data-driven method to transform seismic responses with sources at one level and receivers at a deeper level into virtual reflection data with both sources and receivers at the deeper level. Although this method has traditionally been applied by cross-correlation, accurate redatuming through a heterogeneous overburden requires solving a multidimensional deconvolut...

one of the most important steps lrz·hyy data interpretation, tracing certain horizons which is of critical ahmytand stratigraphy. the existence of noise in the data stage of the interpretation is difficult. in this article, applying the analysis principal component and a narrow selection of cross migration pnjrhyy given where reflections almost afqyand, a trace comes from that obtained undermin...

We present an analysis of migration effects on seismic reflection images of very shallow targets. Reflection objectives in engineering, groundwater, and environmental investigations commonly occur at depths between 2 and 50 m. Because the observation surface is near these imaged reflectors, optical distortion may be so small that migration will not have any effect on the seismic image and may t...

Estimating an accurate velocity model is crucial for seismic imaging to obtain a good understanding of the subsurface structure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate methods of velocity analysis by optimizing seismic images. A conventional seismic image is obtained by zero-lag crosscorrelation of wavefields extrapolated from a source wavelet and recorded data on the surface using a ve...

Estimating an accurate velocity model is crucial for seismic imaging to obtain a good understanding of the subsurface structure. The objective of this thesis is to investigate methods of velocity analysis by optimizing seismic images. A conventional seismic image is obtained by zero-lag crosscorrelation of wavefields extrapolated from a source wavelet and recorded data on the surface using a ve...