Muscle hyperalgesia and referred pain plays an important role in chronic musculoskeletal pain. New knowledge on the involved basic mechanisms and better methods to assess muscle pain in the clinic are needed to revise and optimize the treatment regimes. Increased muscle sensitivity is manifested as (1) pain evoked by a normally non-nociceptive stimulus (allodynia), (2) increased pain intensity ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Minimum T50 and T95 onsets are the medians of time intervals between end of skin and subcutaneous tissue infiltration with local anesthetics and a painful stimulation, which are associated to no pain in 50% and 95% of patients, respectively. This study has evaluated T50 and T95 of subcutaneous 1% lidocaine for lumbar skin puncture. METHODS This was a prospective stud...

OBJECTIVE To determine the patterns of referred pain in patients with proven cervical zygapophysial joint pain. DESIGN The pain drawings were analyzed of patients with neck pain or headache who underwent controlled, diagnostic blocks, to test whether a zygapophysial joint was the source of their pain. The distribution of pain reported by each patient who had a positive response to blocks at a...

OBJECTIVE To compare differences in the prevalence and the anatomical localization of the referred pain areas of active trigger points (TrPs) in head and neck musculature between adults and children with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING Some studies had found that referred pain from active TrPs reproduce the head pain pattern in adults. No study ...

Noxious stimulation of skeletal muscle evokes pain that is often referred into distal areas. Despite referred pain being of significant clinical importance, the brain regions responsible for the perception of referred pain remain unexplored. The aim of this investigation is to define these regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We induced muscle pain by hypertonic saline injection...

Pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal wall is a possible but very rare clinical entity. It is a known complication of surgery, trauma, or arterial puncture, but it is rarely spontaneous. Even though it can usually present with a wide range of local symptoms, it can cause referred pain via spinal cord, which is cross-excited with afferent sympathetic nervous system. We report a case of right arm pain ...