A model of online reading engagement is outlined. This model proposes that online reading engagement predicts dedication in digital reading. Dedication in digital reading according to the model is reflected in task-adaptive navigation, and task-adaptive navigation predicts digital reading performance over and above print reading skill. Information engagement is assumed to positively predict tas...

Two current approaches to the computational modelling of reading are the connectionist triangle model approach (parallel processing; distributed representations; models developed via a connectionist training algorithm such as backpropagation) and the DRC ("dual route cascaded") model (serial processing components permitted; local representations; model architecture specified by the modeller rat...

When humans read text, they fixate some words and skip others. However, there have been few attempts to explain skipping behavior with computational models, as most existing work has focused on predicting reading times (e.g., using surprisal). In this paper, we propose a novel approach that models both skipping and reading, using an unsupervised architecture that combines a neural attention wit...

purpose : design and establishment of persian near reading card for clinical use and practice methods : at first, card dimension, word and character size and specifications were calculated. then, english near reading card, richmond product inc, was considered as a template. context and syntax contribute to reading accuracy and efficacy of the richmond card was considered for designed persian ca...

Abstract This study aimed to investigate how English language teaching textbooks portrayed male and female social actors according to their social roles and gender identities. To examine the linguistic representation of male and female social actors and construction of gender identities in ELT textbooks, Top Notch series was selected. To do so, attempts were made to analyze the series in terms ...

The genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences in printed word recognition and related skills were explored in 440 identical and fraternal twin pairs between 8 and 18 years of age. A theoretically driven measurement model identified five latent variables: IQ, phoneme awareness, word recognition, phonological decoding, and orthographic coding. Cholesky decomposition models on...

Following brain damage, skilled readers may encounter more severe problems in reading nonwords than familiar words, a type of deficit referred to as phonological dyslexia. We report on 2 individuals with Alzheimer's disease who show phonological dyslexia. Although highly accurate in reading familiar words aloud (even those with irregular spelling, such as sew), they were quite impaired in nonwo...

What does it mean to be a successful reader in the twenty-first century? To answer this important question, this chapter discusses the twenty-first century as a new context for reading research and for the development of effective reading instruction. This chapter begins with a description of the twenty-first-century reading context and the challenges that have arisen as a result of new technol...

Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing generalize...