Oceanic gas hydrates have been measured near the seafloor for the first time using a seagoing Raman spectrometer at Hydrate Ridge, Oregon, where extensive layers of hydrates have been found to occur near the seafloor. All of the hydrates analyzed were liberated from the upper meter of the sediment column near active gas venting sites in water depths of 770– 780 m. Hydrate properties, such as st...

Oxidation and uptake of ascorbate show similar time courses in rat liver microsomal vesicles: a rapid burst phase is followed by a slower process. Inhibitors of ascorbate oxidation (proadifen, econazole or quercetin) also effectively decreased the uptake of ascorbate. The results show that dehydroascorbate is the transport form of ascorbate at the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Pyrimidine hydrates are products of ultraviolet irradiation of DNA. We have already demonstrated the formation of both cis-thymine hydrate and trans-thymine hydrate (6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine) in irradiated poly(dA-dT):poly(dA-dT). These are released from DNA as free bases by bacterial or human glycosylases. Thymine hydrate stabilities were studied in irradiated DNA substrates using purified...

Gas Hydrates Markup Language (GHML) has been under development since 2003 by the CODATA Task Group “Data for Natural Gas Hydrates” as an international standard for data storage and transfer in the gas hydrates community. We describe the development of this evolving communication protocol and show examples of its implementation. In describing this protocol, we concentrate on the most recent upda...

The flavonoid quercetin is metabolized into isorhamnetin, tamarixetin, and kaempferol, the vascular effects of which are unknown. In the present study, the effects of quercetin and its metabolites were analyzed on isometric tension in isolated rat thoracic and abdominal aorta, in isolated intact and beta-escin-permeabilized iliac arteries, and on perfusion pressure in the isolated mesenteric re...

The first aspect is the problem of how to gain a better understanding of the distribution and abundance of gas hydrates in continental slope sediments at the present day. Mark Maslin (University College London) and Nick Langhorne (Office of Naval Research, USA) both emphasized that while the potential distribution of hydrates can be defined, based on the pressure and temperature limits of their...

We report molecular simulation studies of the diffusion processes in ice and CO2 clathrate hydrates performed using classical potential models of water ~SPC/E! and carbon dioxide ~EPM2!. The diffusivity of H2O in ice is calculated to be 1.3310 218 m s at 200 K using molecular dynamics simulations, a result in good agreement with experimental data. We also computed the diffusivity of H2O and CO2...

Despite observations of massive methane release and geohazards associated with gas hydrate instability in nature, as well as ductile flow accompanying hydrate dissociation in artificial polycrystalline methane hydrates in the laboratory, the destabilising mechanisms of gas hydrates under deformation and their grain-boundary structures have not yet been elucidated at the molecular level. Here we...