Recent theories in social psychology suggest that explicitly measured attitudes are particularly valuable for the prediction of deliberate, controlled behaviour. In contrast, implicitly measured attitudes are assumed to be more important for the prediction of less controlled, more impulsive behaviour. Yet, conclusive evidence for the differential predictive validity of both measures is scarce. ...

Juvenile justice systems have widely adopted risk assessment instruments to support judicial and administrative decisions about sanctioning severity and restrictiveness of care. A little explored property of these instruments is the extent to which their predictive validity generalizes across gender. The article reports on a meta-analysis of risk assessment predictive validity with male and fem...

BACKGROUND Global performance rating is frequently used in clinical training despite its known psychometric drawbacks. Inter-rater reliability is low in undergraduate training but better in residency training, possibly because residency offers more opportunities for supervision. The low or moderate predictive validity of global performance ratings in undergraduate and residency training may be ...

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the validity of the Indicator of Bereavement Adaptation Cruse Scotland (IBACS). Designed for use in clinical and non-clinical settings, the IBACS measures severity of grief symptoms and risk of developing complications. METHOD N = 196 (44 male, 152 female) help-seeking, bereaved Scottish adults participated at two timepoints: T1 (baseline) and T2 (after 18 months...

The predictive characteristics of the Teller Acuity Card (TAC) procedure were examined in 129 children treated in a neonatal intensive care unit for preterm birth or perinatal complications. Monocular TAC grating acuity at 4, 8, 11, 17, 24, 30, and 36 months was compared with TAC grating acuity (reliability) and HOTV recognition acuity (predictive validity) at 48 months. Most reliability coeffi...

Reliability and validity are statistical concepts that are reviewed and then applied to the field of quantitative electroencephalography or qEEG. The review of the scientific literature demonstrated high levels of split-half and test re-test reliability of qEEG and convincing content and predictive validity as well as other forms of validity. qEEG is distinguished from nonquantitative EEG (“Eye...

This article describes a systematic review of the psychometric properties of the Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START) and a meta-analysis to assess its predictive efficacy for the 7 risk domains identified in the manual (violence to others, self-harm, suicide, substance abuse, victimization, unauthorized leave, and self-neglect) among institutionalized patients with mental dis...

BACKGROUND There is a paucity of screening instruments with a high clinical predictive value to identify families at risk and therefore, develop focused interventions in primary care. AIM To develop an easy to apply screening instrument with a high clinical predictive value to identify families with a higher health vulnerability. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the first stage of the study an instr...

A recurring methodological problem in the evaluation of the predictive validity of selection methods is that the values of the criterion variable are available for selected applicants only. This so-called range restriction problem causes biased population estimates. Correction methods for direct and indirect range restriction scenarios have widely studied for continuous criterion variables but ...

CONTEXT Admissions interviews are unreliable and have poor predictive validity, yet are the sole measures of non-cognitive skills used by most medical school admissions departments. The low reliability may be due in part to variation in conditional reliability across the rating scale. OBJECTIVES To describe an empirically derived estimate of conditional reliability and use it to improve the p...