Penicillium chrysogenum secretes a low molecular weight, cationic and cysteine-rich protein (PAF). It has growth inhibitory activity against the model organism Aspergillus nidulans and numerous zoo- and phytopathogenic fungi but shows only minimal conditional antifungal activity against the producing organism itself. In this study we provide evidence for an additional function of PAF which is d...

The development and study of strains of Penicillium chrysogenum that give high yields of penicillin has been a major project at the University of Wisconsin during the past 12 years. Many thousands of cultures have been screened for their penicillin-producing ability in the Botany Department of the University. The methods used for the production and screening of mutants, the genealogy of the out...

Studies on the mechanism of glucose metabolism by penicillia are few. The fact that Snell (1949) and Kita (1951) found none of the phosphorylated esters of the Embden-Meyerhof scheme in PeniciUium chrysogenum, strain Q176, and that penicillia contain glucose oxidase (Birkinshaw and Raistrick, 1943) would indicate a priori that glucose is metabolized oxidatively by the mold. The following data i...

The use of moulds as a seasoning for sausage can have both desirable and undesirable consequences. The desirable consequences are the creation of a successful product that appeals to consumers. The undesirable consequences are due to the growth of undesirable moulds that produce highly toxic secondary metabolites referred to as mycotoxins. The aim of the paper was to investigate the presence of...

MPA (mycophenolic acid) is an immunosuppressive drug produced by several fungi in Penicillium subgenus Penicillium. This toxic metabolite is an inhibitor of IMPDH (IMP dehydrogenase). The MPA-biosynthetic cluster of Penicillium brevicompactum contains a gene encoding a B-type IMPDH, IMPDH-B, which confers MPA resistance. Surprisingly, all members of the subgenus Penicillium contain genes encodi...

In this note we introduce the concept of a quasi-finite complex. Next, we show that for a given countable and locally finite CW complex L the following conditions are equivalent: L is quasi-finite. There exists a [L]-invertible mapping of a metrizable compactum X with e− dimX ≤ [L] onto the Hilbert cube. Finally, we construct an example of a quasi-finite complex L such that its extension type [...

We show that every automorphism α of a free group Fk of finite rank k has asymptotically periodic dynamics on Fk and its boundary ∂Fk: there exists a positive power α such that every element of the compactum Fk ∪ ∂Fk converges to a fixed point under iteration of α . Further results about the dynamics of α as well as an extension from Fk to word-hyperbolic groups are given in the later sections.

The notion of a hyperbolic group was introduced by Gromov [Gr]. Associated to any hyperbolic group, Γ, is its boundary, ∂Γ. This is a metrisable compactum on which Γ acts by homeomorphism. If Γ is non-elementary (i.e. not finite or virtually cyclic), then ∂Γ is perfect. The induced action of Γ on the space of distinct triples of ∂Γ is properly discontinuous and cocompact. The main result of thi...