Abstract Extraradical spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are often parasitized by a wide range soil microorganisms. However, reports on the parasitization intraradical structures AM very rare. While examining colonization in roots Cuminum cyminum and Sambucus nigra growing medicinal plants garden Centre Medicinal Plants Research Homeopathy Nilgiris, we found that fungal hyphal coils, a...

Sunn Pest, Eurygaster spp. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), is the most important pest being able to cause significant losses on wheat yield and quality in Türkiye. To monitor overwintered adult population, this study was carried out 41 sites 19 locations during two consecutive years. The samplings were performed April May both During study, economic threshold, which 0.8 adults per square meter, obt...

The sphingid moth larvae are voracious defoliators of several crops. present study was conducted to investigate damage Acherontia styx on Jasmine, their seasonal incidence, and bioecology. Larval instars fed jasmine leaves flowers, with the highest defoliation being 35% flower 47% during September. lifecycle consisted egg, five larval instars, pupal, adult stages. eggs were pearly white in colo...

Blood form trypomastigotes of the Y and CL strains of Trypanosoma cruzi were tested for their ability to enter and infect mouse peritoneal macrophages. Both strains failed to enter macrophages in appreciable numbers, whereas metacyclic trypomastigotes purified from acellular cultures were ingested with ease. Macrophage parasitization was enhanced manyfold after the removal of an antiphagocytic ...

Egg limitation is known to destabilize host-parasitoid dynamics. This study reexamines the effect of egg limitation in light of the individual variation in parasitization risk among hosts (e.g., some hosts are more likely to be parasitized than others). Previous studies have considered egg limitation (predicted as a destabilizing factor) and individual variation among hosts (predicted as a stab...

Kin selection theory predicts altruism between related individuals, which requires the ability to recognize kin from non-kin. In insects, kin discrimination associated with altruistic behaviour is well-known in clonal and social species but in very few solitary insects. Here, we report that the solitary larvae of a non-social insect Aleochara bilineata Gyll. (Coleoptera; Staphylinidae) show kin...

Parasitization by malaria-inducing Plasmodium falciparum leads to structural, biochemical, and mechanical modifications to the host red blood cells (RBCs). To study these modifications, we investigate two intrinsic indicators: the refractive index and membrane fluctuations in P. falciparum-invaded human RBCs (Pf-RBCs). We report experimental connections between these intrinsic indicators and pa...

Polydnaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses associated with some subfamilies of ichneumonoid parasitoid wasps. Polydnavirus virions are delivered during wasp parasitization of a host, and virus gene expression in the host induces alterations of host physiology. Infection of susceptible host caterpillars by the polydnavirus Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus (CsIV) leads to expression of virus ...

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), sequestered by the moth Utetheisa ornatrix from its larval food plant, is transmitted by both males and females to the eggs. Males confer PA on the female by seminal infusion, and females pass this gift, together with PA that they themselves procured as larvae, to the eggs. Here we show that PA protects the eggs against parasitization by the chalcidoid wasp, Trichog...

The study was conducted on fruit trees where bands of corrugated cardboard were attached around the trunks of the trees, which were used to catch the larvae of overwintering generation of the rufous-tipped swammerdamia moth, Swammerdamia pyrella (Villers) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Twenty-five species of parasitic Hymenoptera have been described from S. pyrella in Poland including the report...