In the XIV century, Turkish conquest of Asia Minor and establishment Ottoman sultanate made this state border with Byzantium.The interstate shaped conditions war led to emergence political problems. At same time, mutual good neighborly relations processes have been established between states, which lasted more than a century half. Relations two states were at different levels, depended on issue...

The concept of patrimonialism, which is derived from the Latin word patrimonium (inherited father, property), corresponds to administrative form in entire political and social structure under personal sovereignty monarch, interconnected with Patron. patrimonial administration approach, also constitutes one Halil İnalcık's important arguments approach Ottoman structure, represents a sultanism ru...

The emergence of the Safavid Empire in early sixteenth century marked a significant change geopolitics Middle East. This momentous coincided with widening Ottoman expansion eastward and exploration by European powers, especially Venice, possibilities forming alliances against Ottomans involvement Safavids. Thus, threat commercial interests contributed to development diplomatic, cultural, trade ...

Widely considered as one of the cradles of human civilization, Mesopotamia is largely situated in the Republic of Iraq, which is also the birthplace of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations. These lands were subsequently ruled by the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Mongolians, Ottomans and finally British prior to the independence. As a direct consequence of this rich h...

Occupied by the Ottomans since last quarter of 14th century, Antalya had a demographic structure which Muslims obtained quantitative superiority in period that followed. However, non-Muslim communities contained to maintain and social presence. These communities, especially Rums (Greeks), were significant element urban society with their living spaces intramuros adjacent hinterland Antalya. The...

The actions of Balkan insurgents during Eastern Crisis 1875-1878 were closely followed by Giuseppe Garibaldi and his supporters as well the Italian politicians writers that a part Mazzini?s school thought. actively sustained red shirts went to fight in Bosnia Herzegovina first year Crisis. When uprising evolved into war Serbia Montenegro against Ottomans involvement one volunteers general was c...

Egypts internal turmoil causing political instability, economic decline and social ruin were among the factors behind foreign power entrance into Egypt. Oppression government inefficiency as well in several aspects of life gave a true depiction ongoing society administrative system Nevertheless, external also played role Egypt being colonised by power. This article intends to relook French occu...