Side impact crash is a leading cause of fatalities on the roadways of the industrialized world. In the mid 1990's NHTSA implemented a new car assessment program testing the lateral crashworthiness of vehicles entering the market with a moving deformable barrier. Previous work has been done in an attempt to distill these tests into finite element simulations using specific vehicle test results; ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the crash characteristics, injury distribution, and injury mechanisms for Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (MAIS) 2+ injured belted, near-side occupants in airbag-equipped modern vehicles. Furthermore, differences in injury distribution for senior occupants compared to non-senior occupants was investigated, as well as whether the near-side occupant inju...

Occupant satisfaction and acceptance with automated control strategies for dynamic façades is currently a barrier to the upscale of these systems. Building owners, designers occupants are often unconvinced that an strategy could really be beneficial building energy efficiency occupant satisfaction. Previous work has indicated integrated multi-domain approach required capturing influence on occu...

In this paper†, we consider the problem of indoor surveillance and propose a feature selection scheme for occupancy classification in an indoor environment. The classifier aims to determine whether there is exactly one occupant or more than one occupant. Data are obtained from six seismic sensors (geophones) that are deployed in a typical building hallway. Four proposed features exploit amplitu...

Two different rollover crash scenarios were simulated with the software Madymo. The vehicle kinematics in the numerical simulation were prescribed by the use of sensor signals of real crash tests. The Madymo 50% Hybrid III dummy model as well as the Madymo human model was applied to these simulations and the model kinematics were analysed and compared. Differences in the kinematics of human and...

An investigation of the effect of the shoulder belt's upper anchor point location on crash protection during wheelchair transportation was conducted using a lumped parameter crash victim simulator. While varying the upper anchor point location in each of three directions, the occupant kinematics and injury criteria of the Hybrid III test dummy were determined. Through comparison of these parame...

The evaluation of the biomechanical performance that can be expected from alternative designs for restrained occupant rollover protection was approached through the use of finite element modeling. Finite element models of vehicle designs and the Hybrid III dummy were used to evaluate elements of alternative rollover occupant protection system designs. Results from rollover crash tests of a prod...

This paper presents results of over 34,000 survey responses to air quality and thermal comfort questions in 215 buildings in US, Canada, and Finland. Results show that 80% or more of the occupants expressed satisfaction with their thermal comfort in only 11% of the buildings surveyed. Air quality scores were somewhat higher, with 26% of buildings having 80% or occupant satisfaction. With respec...