ion-side and Display-side behaviours of an interactor. Interactors are characterised by the behaviour they exhibit when observed from the abstraction or the display sides. The abstraction-side behaviour of the interactor is observed by interaction at gates Gaout and Gainp. The display-side behaviour is observed at gates Gdinp and Gdout. They are described by the pseudo-LOTOS expressions: A P = ...

The goal of this study examines the quantitative implications of the Malmquist index in a standard Real Business Cycle (RBC) model as a measure of technology shock. To achieve this, the paper first investigates the empirical validity of the equivalence proposition on the two technology shock measures: a relatively new Malmquist Index and the predominant Solow residual. On the basis of permutati...

The main result of the paper is a constructive proof of the following equivalence: two pure -terms are observationally equivalent in the lazy concurrent -calculus i they have the same L evy-Longo trees. An algorithmwhich allows to build a context discriminating any two pure -terms with di erent L evy-Longo trees is described. It follows that contextual equivalence coincides with behavioural equ...

We study a process algebra which combines both nondeterministic and probabilistic behavior in the style of Segala and Lynch’s simple probabilistic automata. We consider strong bisimulation and observational equivalence, and provide complete axiomatizations for a language that includes parallel composition and (guarded) recursion. The presence of the parallel composition introduces various techn...

We develop an algebraic theory for the observational equivalence of concurrent constraint programs which identifies processes which have the same final results for all possible executions.

BACKGROUND Discharge communication is an important aspect of high-quality emergency care. This study addresses the gap in knowledge on how to describe discharge communication in a paediatric emergency department (ED). OBJECTIVE The objective of this feasibility study was to develop and test a coding scheme to characterize discharge communication between health-care providers (HCPs) and caregi...

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporti...

We study the problem of giving proofs of compiler correctness in the framework of observational equivalence 16] and correspondences 17]. The starting point for correctness is a formal semantics of the programming language given in a form of Structural Operational Semantics 15] wich we call Relational Semantics 4, Chapter 2]. We start by introducing Relational Semantics. We then deene an equival...

When one field is used to define the observational unit in a dataset, it becomes difficult to alter the dataset to define a different observational unit. For example, customer drug purchases are usually defined by the purchase rather than by the customer. The Association Node in Enterprise Miner uses a customer identifier to link purchases when the purchase is the observational unit. However, t...