background homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid which formed (mainly in the liver) during the metabolism of methionine. prior studies indicated the important role of hyperhomocysteinemia in pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease, liver steatosis and cirrhosis. one of the most important mechanisms by which homocysteine promote the development of hepatic injury is oxida...

the tropical asian cyprinid genus puntius is a major part of the ichthyofauna in southeast asia. systematic status of the genus puntius among cyprinidae, the most prominent freshwater fish all over the world, remain to be substantiated. the molecular phylogenetic analyses derived from recombination activating genesequences (rag2) for 35 representative samples of malaysian puntius and their alli...

Little is presently known about the nuclear-encoded genes for cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in higher plants. In rice, only the nuclear-encoded COX5b gene has been reported. To understand the relationship between the expression of nuclear-encoded and mitochondrial-encoded COX genes in rice, we first characterized a cDNA encoding one of the other nuclear COX genes, COX5c, which encodes 63 amino aci...

Organisation of the cell nucleus is crucial for the regulation of gene expression but little is known about how nuclei are structured. To address this issue, we designed a genomic screen to identify factors involved in nuclear architecture in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This screen is based on microscopic monitoring of nuclear pore complexes and nucleolar proteins fused with the green fluorescent...

The NF-kappaB-related transcription factor, Dorsal, forms a nuclear concentration gradient in the early Drosophila embryo, patterning the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis to specify mesoderm, neurogenic ectoderm, and dorsal ectoderm cell fates. The concentration of nuclear Dorsal is thought to determine these patterning events; however, the levels of nuclear Dorsal have not been quantified previously. ...

Nuclear targeting of bacterial proteins has emerged as a pathogenic mechanism whereby bacterial proteins induce host cell pathology. In this study, we examined nuclear targeting of Acinetobacter baumannii transposase (Tnp) and subsequent epigenetic changes in host cells. Tnp of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 possesses nuclear localization signals (NLSs), (225)RKRKRK(230). Transient expression of A. ba...

Barriers to gene flow can result in populations evolving into separate species, and understanding how these barriers evolve is a key step the process of speciation. This study investigates major barrier flow, mortality during development, two parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis Walker N. giraulti Darling. Previous work has demonstrated high haploid hybrid males species shown potential rescue fr...

The Fabaceae family is considered as a model system for understanding chloroplast genome evolution due to the presence of extensive structural rearrangements, gene losses and localized hypermutable regions. Here, we provide sequences of four chloroplast genomes from the Lupinus genus, belonging to the underinvestigated Genistoid clade. Notably, we found in Lupinus species the functional loss of...