N-Butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was given to male Wistar rats at a dose of 0.05% in the drinking water for one to five weeks, and agglutination of cell isolated from their bladder by concanavalin A (Con A) was determined at intervals during and after treatment. Mucosal cells were isolated from everted bladder by ethylenediaminetetraacetate treatment and sonication. As early as one week af...

Nitrosamines are a group of carcinogenic chemicals that are present in aquatic environments that result from byproducts of industrial processes and disinfection products. As indirect and direct potable reuse increase, the presence of trace nitrosamines presents challenges to water infrastructures that incorporate effluent from wastewater treatment. Ultraviolet (UV) photolysis or UV-based advanc...

The in vivo metabolism and disposition of three radiolabeled N-nitrosamines which are carcinogenic for the pancreas of the hamster but not the rat have been examined. N-[1-14C]Nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP), N-[1-14C]nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), and their suggested proximate pancreatic carcinogenic metabolite N-[1-14C]nitroso-(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP) were metabo...

We explored the contribution of nitrosamine metabolism to lung cancer in a pilot investigation of genetic variation in CYP2B6, a high-affinity enzymatic activator of tobacco-specific nitrosamines with a negligible role in nicotine metabolism. Previously we found that variation in CYP2A6 and CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 combined to increase lung cancer risk in a case-control study in European American e...

OBJECTIVES N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is classified as a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and is formed during the chlorination of municipal drinking water. In this study, selected nitrosamines were measured in chlorinated drinking water collected from Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea, and a risk assessment for NDMA was conducted...

Mycotoxins that commonly contaminate staple food grains pose a health hazard to animals and humans. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, causes equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema and has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal cancer (EC) in the Transkei, South Africa. Various studies have indicated that nitrosamines induce EC, and F....

The tumorigenic activities and DNA methylating abilities in F344 rats of the tobacco specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and the structurally related nitrosamine A/-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) were compared. Groups of 30 male rats were given 60 s.c. injections of 0.0055 mmol/kg of either NNK or NDMA over a 20-week period (total dose, 0.33 mmol/kg). The expe...

Accelerated stability studies of pharmaceutical products are commonly conducted at various combinations of temperature and relative humidity (RH). The RH of the sample environment can be controlled to set points using humidity-controlled stability chambers or via storage of the sample in a closed container in the presence of a saturated aqueous salt solution. Herein we report an unexpected N-ni...

Two different types of focal preneoplastic lesions, tentatively named Type I and II lesions, were recognized in the liver of rats chronically treated with clofibrate for 104 weeks. Type I lesions were characterized by mostly negative glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity (6 out of 10, 60%) and positive expression of succinate dehydrogenase (10 out of 10, 100%), in addition to the pr...

Skin lipids of mice exposed to NO2 contain lipid-soluble nitrosating agent(s) (NSA) that react in vitro with amines to produce nitrosamines. To test whether this reaction occurs in skin, we exposed mice to 50 ppm NO2 for 4 h and, 20 h later, applied 25 mg morpholine or N-methylaniline to the skin, which was then analyzed for the corresponding nitrosamine. When morpholine was applied, mean N-nit...