Definition Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is an artificial mimic of nucleic acid, which was invented more than a decade ago (7). The molecule combines many features that are similar to those of natural nucleic acids with characteristics that are rather different or even unique to PNA. First and foremost, N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine units linked by ▶amide bonds substitute the (deoxy)ribosephosphate bac...

This paper introduces a novel methodology for training an event-driven classifier within a Spiking Neural Network (SNN) System capable of yielding good classification results when using both synthetic input data and real data captured from Dynamic Vision Sensor (DVS) chips. The proposed supervised method uses the spiking activity provided by an arbitrary topology of prior SNN layers to build hi...

This paper presents a longitudinal case study in UK biotechnology covering some 30 years during which genomic technologies were introduced into pig breeding. demonstrates how co-innovation involving existing small and medium sized enterprises, together with contributions from academics, has enabled companies to obtain the resources needed for value creation. Important at critical junctures publ...

One of the critical requirements of the emerging class of neural prosthetic devices is to maintain good quality neural recordings over long time periods. We report here a novel MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) based technology that can move microelectrodes in the event of deterioration in neural signal to sample a new set of neurons. Microscale electro-thermal actuators are used to contr...