The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been used with microsurgical precision as an excisional biopsy tool in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of laryngeal, oral, and oropharyngeal cancer. Selected early cancers of the larynx and oral cavity have been treated for cure, and more advanced and recurrent tumors have been treated for palliation. Other laser wavelengths, such as the neodymium-yttriu...

A four-rod/four-TEM00-mode beam off-axis parabolic mirror solar pumping concept is proposed. Four mirrors with 10 m2 total collection area were used as the primary concentrators to pump four 3.1-mm diameter, 84-mm length neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) rods within 2V-shaped cavities through secondary fused-silica aspheric and rectangular light guides, ensuring a good absorbed p...

A study was performed on the growth interface of a large-diameter 1 at% neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) single crystal grown using Czochralski method. Red parallel light and an orthogonal polarizing system were used to observe distribution central lateral cores at different interfaces. The solid–liquid Nd:YAG mainly determined via interaction between natural forced convection. ...

Scars following trauma [1] is a cause of concern for many a patient. Various modalities have been used for the treatment of scars over the years. Corticosteroids, dermabrasion, surgical revision, chemical peeling, silicone gel application, pressure therapy, and radiation have been used with varying results [2]. Ablative lasers such as the carbon dioxide (CO2), erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (E...

Yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) co-doped with CI3' and Nd3+ is of interest in laser applications because the chromium-neodymium energy transfer is more efficient in YAP than in YAG. Investigation of the energy transfer from the chromium R lines and pair states in the wavelength range 720-740 nm to the Nd3+ upper laser level shows that neither individual C? ions nor C?+-C? pairs are important ...

Purpose To evaluate the influence of Intraocular Lens (IOL) material and design on Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO) and Neodymium-YAG (Nd-YAG) rates in eyes implanted with different Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses (PC IOLs) designs at the end of uncomplicated cataract surgeries. Setting Oculus Eye Clinic, Bucharest, Romania. Design Retrospective, observational study. Methods Thi...

PURPOSE Although the laser has become one of the most commonly used tools for implant dentistry, research is lacking on whether or not the laser causes any changes on the surface of titanium (Ti) implants. The present study analyzed the morphology, composition, crystal structure, and surface roughness changes of machined and anodized Ti surfaces, irradiated with erbium chromium-doped yttrium-sc...

Fibrosing mediastinitis is underdiagnosed because of the nonspecific character of the presenting symptoms. The endobronchial findings obtained via flexible bronchoscopy are not defined in the literature. We describe 3 cases of fibrosing mediastinitis, most likely caused by histoplasmosis. All 3 patients presented with hemoptysis and were found to have tracheobronchial concentric narrowing, seve...

Plasmas, produced by a neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser pulse focused on a small water droplet and used for the generation of extreme ultraviolet light, can be described by a relatively simple model due to the fact that thermodynamic equilibrium can be assumed for the most important phase. Only three time-dependent variables--radius, expansion speed, and internal energy--are nee...

AIM The current treatment for posterior capsular opacification (PCO), neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy, may lead to increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Our aim was to survey routines in the management of IOP spikes and to identify the rate of IOP spikes following prophylactic apraclonidine treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A survey questionnaire among ophtha...