INTRODUCTION This prospective randomized clinical study investigated the efficacy and safety of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 (7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5) in comparison with 15% mannitol in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). METHODS Forty neurosurgical patients at risk of increased ICP were randomized to receive either 7.2% NaCl/HES 200/0.5 or 15% mannitol...

We examined, in immobilization, the effect of a diet high in sodium chloride (NaCl) on bone markers, nitrogen balance, and acid-base status. Eight healthy male test subjects participated in a 14-day head-down-tilt bed rest (HDBR) study. During the bed rest period they received, in a randomized crossover design, a high (7.7 meq Na(+)/kg body wt per day) and a low (0.7 meq Na(+)/kg body wt per da...

We report experimental results on an insulator-on-metal system which is inherently unstable against lateral pattern formation on the nanometer scale. NaCl deposition on Cu(211) at substrate temperatures >300 K leads to faceting into (311) and (111) facets and selective NaCl growth on (311) facets only, thereby creating alternating stripes of bare Cu and NaCl-covered areas. The mesoscopic restru...

Sour and salt taste interactions are not well understood in the peripheral gustatory system. Therefore, we investigated the interaction of acetic acid and NaCl on taste processing by rat chorda tympani neurons. We recorded multi-unit responses from the severed chorda tympani nerve (CT) and single-cell responses from intact narrowly tuned and broadly tuned salt-sensitive neurons in the geniculat...

Superoxide (O(2)(-)) produced by NADPH oxidase regulates Na absorption and renal hemodynamics. Increased NaCl in the thick ascending limb (TAL) stimulates O(2)(-) generation. However, we do not know whether physiological changes in NaCl concentration augment O(2)(-) generation, nor do we know the mediator(s) involved. In other cells, Rac1, a regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase, is activated by ...

To examine if chronic sodium loading on the brain produces sustained increases in blood pressure, water intake, and sodium excretion, hypertonic (0.5 M and 1.5 M) and isotonic (0.15 M) NaCl solutions were infused into the third ventricle of Sprague-Dawley rats at a rate of 5.5 microliters/hr for 7 days. Intracerebroventricular infusion of 1.5 M NaCl significantly increased systolic blood pressu...

Salt stress is known to reduce root hydraulic conductivity and growth. To examine a concomitant regulation of aquaporins, the expression of the maize MIP gene family in response to NaCl was analysed by DNA array hybridization. Plants responded differentially to 100 versus 200 mM NaCl treatments. Leaf water content was reduced rapidly and persistently after the application of 200 mM NaCl in cont...

the effect of salinity was assessed on the activity of some major antioxidant enzymes i.e., superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pod), catalase (cat), in the seedlings’ roots or shoots of three winter canola (brassica napus l.) cultivars, colvert (tolerant), symbol (semi tolerant) and agat (susceptible). seedlings were treated with 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mm nacl for 24 h in hydropoic c...

silver nanowires were synthesized by solvothermal method through reducing silver nitrate (agno3) with ethylene glycol (eg) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp). in order to prevent the agglomeration of ag+ in the initial ag seeds formation, sodium chloride (nacl) was added into the solution to form agcl colloids. by dissolving agcl in the late stages, ag+ ions were released into the so...