Most of the infectious diseases due to pathogens are caused by mucosal tract penetration. Hence, vaccines delivered directly tissues can defend pathogenic infections and provide protection at first site infection. Thus, mucosal, specifically, oral delivery is becoming most ideal mode vaccination. However, have overcome numerous barriers such as extremely low pH stomach, presence proteolytic enz...

Dentists who treat children must be alert to the possibility of finding diseases of the oral mucosa, especially in younger children. The present study aimed to review the most updated information and the experience of our group in order to yield epidemiological data that assist diagnosis of the most common diseases of the oral mucosa in children. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a wide v...

The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with mucosal pain in patients with partial removable dental prostheses (PRDPs). In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, 333 patients wearing 500 PRDPs (mean age 71·4 years, men 33·3%) were consecutively recruited from prosthetic clinic of a dental hospital in Japan. Subjects rated pain intensity and frequency of denture-bearing m...

Until the late 19 century, microbes were the major cause of death in humans. Ironically, the infectious nature of most diseases was not recognized. There was little treatment available and was mostly focused on strengthening the general immunity. This changed with the identification of pathogens by Pasteur and Koch. The knowledge about microbial infections quickly expanded and reduced dramatica...

Vaccination represents the most effective control measure in the fight against infectious diseases. Local mucosal immune responses are critical for protection from, and resolution of, infection by numerous mucosal pathogens. Antigen processing across mucosal surfaces is the natural route by which mucosal immunity is generated, as peripheral antigen delivery typically fails to induce mucosal imm...

Many bacterial species are responsible for sporadic cases and outbreaks of foodborne intoxication and infection. The foodborne diseases are classified on the basis of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved into four categories: performed toxin, enterotoxin formed in the colonized small intestine, mucosal invasion (enterocolitis) and mucosal invasion with bacteremia. Invasive and toxigenic strains...

Purpose The eyedrop form of rebamipide was approved in Japan for use in the treatment of dry eye diseases, because it up-regulates mucin secretion and production. Others reported that rebamipide, a gastroprotective drug, could not only increase gastric mucus production but also suppressed gastric mucosal inflammation and that it was dominantly distributed in mucosal tissues. In this study we in...

UNLABELLED Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that recognize microbial infection via vitamin metabolites. The discovery of MAIT cells in the past two decades and the recent discovery of MR1 ligands has opened a new field and potential area for cellular immunotherapy using these unique cells. Their evolutionary conservation in mammals underscore their biological ...