Musical experiences and native language are both known to affect auditory processing. The present work aims to disentangle the influences of native language phonology and musicality on behavioral and subcortical sound feature processing in a population of musically diverse Finnish speakers as well as to investigate the specificity of enhancement from musical training. Finnish speakers are highl...

Birds have excellent spatial acuity and colour vision compared to other vertebrates while spatial contrast sensitivity is relatively poor for unknown reasons. Contrast sensitivity describes the detection of gratings of varying spatial frequency. It is unclear whether bird brightness discrimination between large uniform fields is poor as well. Here we show that budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulat...

Underwater, the contrast between object and background is much larger reduced with increasing distance between object and observer than in air. For marine predators, such as pinnipeds, it would therefore be advantageous to possess a high sensitivity for brightness differences, since this would increase the distance at which prey can be detected visually. Few studies have examined the brightness...

background one of the main objects in medical science is diagnosis the diseases and classification the patients to different classes. consequently according to the above the patients that set in one classes should have maximum similarity with each other. discrimination and classification analysis have been frequently used in medical data for diagnosis and prognostic of the disease. the wrong in...

BACKGROUND We used a latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize coping styles of urban youth and examined if coping styles moderated the association between experiencing discrimination and bullying and depressive symptoms. METHODS The data come from the 2006 Boston Youth Survey, where students were asked to select 2 behaviors they do most often when they are upset, from a list of 15 options....

A model of adverse selection when teams form endogenously highlights the relationship between discrimination and occupational choice. It shows discrimination can persist even when management allocates credit fairly, if worker beliefs about discrimination in‡uence their decision to engage in teamwork. Furthermore, among those choosing to work as entrepreneurs or in other individualistic occupati...

In this paper, adaptation of language models using the minimum discrimination information criteria is presented. Language model probabilities are adapted based on unigram, bigram and trigram features using a modified version of the generalized iterative scaling algorithm. Furthermore, a language model compression algorithm, based on conditional relative entropy is discussed. It removes probabil...

T cells have to detect rare high-affinity 'foreign' peptide MHC (pMHC) ligands among abundant low-affinity 'self'-peptide MHC ligands. It remains unclear how this remarkable discrimination is achieved. Kinetic proofreading mechanisms can provide the required specificity but only at the expense of much reduced sensitivity. A number of recent observations suggest that pMHC engagement of T cell re...

C have long faulted the wide-spread practice of trade promotions as wasteful. It has been estimated that this practice adds up to $100 billion worth of inventory to the distribution system. Yet, the practice continues. In this paper, we propose a price discrimination model of trade promotions. We show that in a distribution channel characterized by a dominant retailer, a manufacturer has incent...

It often occurs that a system can be described by several competing models. In order to distinguish among the alternative models, further information about the behavior of the system is required. One way to obtain such information is to perform suitably chosen perturbation experiments. We introduce a method for the selection of optimal perturbation experiments for discrimination among a set of ...