Significance Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) function in all eukaryotes signaling extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses and ultimately link them chromatin events by targeting transcription factors remodeling complexes. In plants, MAPKs play crucial roles immunity, development, stress responses, but so far no attempts have been made identify phosphorylation of chromatin-asso...

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is released by glioma cells and promotes tumor growth. We have previously found that GDNF from the a chemoattractant for microglial cells, immune of central nervous system. Here we show increases matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 MMP14 expression in cultured mixed sexes neonatal mice. The GDNF-induced MMP9 upregulation mediated family receptor a...

In China, primary glomerulonephritis is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and patients who require kidney transplantation often with ESRD. Glomerulonephritis primary’s most prevalent subtype Mesangial proliferative (MsPGN). Although cell apoptosis human mesangial cells (HMCs) may be harmful in MsPGN, it plays a major role elimination excessive HMCs reparative glomerular remod...

Macrophages are necessary in multiple processes during the immune response or inflammation. This review emphasizes the critical role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mitogen kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) in the functional activities of macrophages. While the phosphorylation of MAPKs is required for macrophage activation or proliferation, MKP-1 dephosphorylates these kinases, ...