Lack of shrimp cell lines has hindered the study of pollutants which adversely affects shrimp health and its export value. In this context a primary haemocyte culture developed from Penaeus monodon was employed for assessing the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of two heavy metal compounds, cadmium chloride and mercuric chloride and two organophosphate insecticides, malathion and monocrotophos. Us...

Studies on toxicities and tolerances of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the brown alga Isochrysis galbana and in the green-lipped mussel Perna viridis were conducted by short-term bioassays using endpoints growth production and mortality, respectively. The 5-day EC(50) and 24-h LC(50) of these heavy metals were determined in the brown alga and mussel, respectively. The EC(...

The aim of this study was to assess heavy metals mobility and toxicity in sediments collected from a dam reservoir in the conditions of intensive human impact by using chemical fractionation and a battery of bioassays. In the studies, the test organisms were exposed to substances dissolved in water (Microtox, Phytotestkit) as well to substances absorbed on the surface of solid particles (Phytot...

Depleted uranium (DU) is a radioactive heavy metal coming from the nuclear industry and used in numerous military applications. Uranium inhalation can lead to the development of fibrosis and neoplasia in the lungs. As little is known concerning the molecular processes leading to these pathological effects, some of the events in terms of genotoxicity and inflammation were investigated in rats ex...

The effects of insecticides (endosulfan, HCH) and heavy metals (copper and zinc) were studied on survival and duration of the moult cycle of larvae and megalopa of a common mangrove crab, Macrophthalmus erato, that inhabits Pitchavaram mangroves, southeast coast of India. In chronic toxicity test, percentage of survival from hatchling to megalopa stage at different concentrations of endosulfan ...

A new phytotoxicity test method based on root elongation of three Lemna species (Lemna gibba, L. minor, and L. paucicostata) has been developed. Tests with aquatic plants have, typically, favored measurements on fronds (e.g. frond number, area, biomass) rather than on roots, due, in part, to issues associated with handling fragile roots and the time-consuming procedures of selecting roots with ...

This study demonstrates that the novel in vitro CALUX (chemical-activated luciferase expression) assay is a rapid, sensitive assay for assessing the toxic potency of (mixtures of) aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-active compounds in sediments and pore waters. A rat hepatoma (H4IIE) cell line, stably transfected with a construct containing the dioxin-responsive element (DRE) sequence and the luci...

introduction: telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay (trap assay) is a standard established technique to detect the activity (expression) of telomerase in the cancerous samples. it includes a time-consuming procedure that has significant drawbacks such as high cost, complicacy, time-consuming procedure, equipment-dependent steps and false-positive signals caused by inclusion of pcr insid...

This report describes the activities of 168 chemicals tested in a standard transformation assay using A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The data set includes 84 carcinogens, 77 noncarcinogens, and 7 research chemicals. Carcinogens included 49 mutagens and 35 nonmutagens; noncarcinogens included 24 mutagens and 53 nonmutagens. The transformation assay did not use an exogenous activation system, thus, ...

The systematic study of genotoxicity in plants induced by contaminants and other stress agents has been hindered to date by the lack of reliable and robust biomarkers. The comet assay is a versatile and sensitive method for the evaluation of DNA damages and DNA repair capacity at single-cell level. Due to its simplicity and sensitivity, and the small number of cells required to obtain robust re...