A. M. Airaksinen, S. K. Hekmatyar, N. Jerome, J-P. Niskanen, A. Pitkanen, R. A. Kauppinen, and O. Grohn Department of Neurobiology, A.I.Virtanen institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland, Dartmouth Medical School, Biomedical NMR Research Center, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States, Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Neurob...

Background: Several injectable anaesthetics and sedatives are used in various avian species for general anaesthesia. Birds are very sensitive animals and any mismanagement in a crisis can lead to immediate shock and death. Therefore, careful selection of the safest possible anaesthetic agent and dose is very important. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine...

BACKGROUND Handling of common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) usually requires chemical restraint. Ketamine has been associated with muscle damage in primates, while common marmosets, compared to other primates, additionally display an exceptional high sensitivity to ketamine-associated side-effects. Notably, muscle twitching movements of limbs and hands, and a marked increase in salivation are o...

BACKGROUND Medetomidine-ketamine (MK) and dexmedetomidine-ketamine (DK) are widely used to provide general anaesthesia in laboratory animals, but have not been compared directly in many of these species, including rodents. This study aimed to compare the onset and depth of anaesthesia, and changes in vital signs, after intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) administration of ketamine (75 mg ...