The addition of 92 or 136 mM mannitol to a modified saline solution that contained 1.25 mM Ca2+ led to a mannitol concentration-dependent increase in the amount of calcium absorbed in 1 h from 8 cm long ileal loops prepared from fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats, with body weights of 190 +/- 10 g. It is argued that this mannitol-enhanced movement of calcium out of the loop cannot have utilized th...

Levels of the C6-polyol mannitol were observed to rise dramatically in the biotrophic interaction of the rust fungus Uromyces fabae and its host plant Vicia faba. Mannitol was found in millimolar concentrations in extracts and apoplastic fluids of infected leaves and also in extracts of spores. We suggest that this polyol might have at least a dual function: first, as a carbohydrate storage com...

BACKGROUND Furosemide and mannitol are used to reduce intracranial pressure, but the impact of furosemide on edema of injured brain is unclear. The authors examined the effects of furosemide and mannitol, alone and in combination, on brain water content in brain-injured rats. METHODS Anesthetized rats were subjected to a 2.2-atm left hemispheric fluid percussion injury. Two and three-quarters...

Dry powders containing a live-attenuated Newcastle disease vaccine (LZ58 strain) and intended for mass vaccination of poultry were prepared by spray drying using mannitol in combination with trehalose or inositol, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and/or bovine serum albumin (BSA) as stabilizers. These powders were evaluated for vaccine stabilizing capacity during production and storage (at 6 °C and 2...

There is considerable confusion in regard to the existence of subdivisions of the mannitol-fermenting group of dysentery bacilli. Numerous attempt~ have been made to establish subdivisions on the basis of their biological and serological characteristics (1-8). My conclusions are derived from the fermentation and agglutination reactions of 77 cultures isolated from cases of clinical dysentery in...

Both animal and human studies have suggested that histamine increases airway epithelial cell permeability in vivo. In order to study the effect of histamine on paracellular epithelial permeability and tight junctional integrity, we have cultured human bronchial epithelial cells to confluency and investigated the effect of topically applied 0.1-20.0 microM histamine. Cultures were established on...

THE production of mannitol by bacterial fermentation has been extensively studied, since the organisms concerned are a source of trouble in the wine industry. Gayon and Dubourg [1901] showed that although glucose, sorbose, galactose, mannose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, raffinose and xylose are all fermented, laevulose alone yields mannitol. They found that arabinose and trehalose are not attack...

OBJECTIVE Control of airway inflammation is the cornerstone of asthma management. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the effects of a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) added to a basic treatment of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) on airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and quality of life in well-controlled patients with asthma. RESEAR...

INTRODUCTION Inhaled mannitol has beneficial effects on lung function, mucociliary clearance, quality of life and sputum properties. This trial examined the efficacy of inhaled mannitol in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS The efficacy of inhaled mannitol in children with CF aged 6-17years was assessed in a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover study. Subjects were rando...