The kiswa of the Kaaba has a long history throughout Islamic ages. All caliphs and princes countries competed to clothe Holy with best most delicate fabrics master in making it spending on it. Therefore, according historical, methodological perspective, this paper aims study endowment allocated manufacture covering during eras reveal first who approved system designated for cladding periods. In...

The Ayyubid- Mamluk Muslim rulers built or rebuilt castles in order to defend their borders against the crusaders. During 12th-13th centuries, they changed hands several times, but were maintained and strengthened mainly by Muslims, as attested numerous Arabic inscriptions found incorporated into buildings. It is important mention here that Irene A. Bierman’s book entitled Writing Signs: Fatimi...

This paper presents a historical and archaeological overview of the castles other fortifications built occupied by Order Hospital St John in Kingdom Jerusalem between 1136, when order acquired castle Bayt Jibrīn, final Mamluk siege Acre 1291, during which it defended section city walls. Topics discussed include order’s contribution to defence towns cities they were not sole or even major proper...

Askeri iktâ´ düzeni İslâm devlet geleneğinde bir çeşit toprak yönetim biçimidir. Orta Çağ Türk-İslâm devletlerinde toprağa bağlı ordu-devlet düzeninin tesisinde önemli unsurdur. Selçuklu veziri Nizâmülmülk idari düzenini devletin çıkarlarına uygun ıslah ederek askeri düzenine dönüştürür. Selçuklulardan Eyyûbîlere tevarüs eden bu düzen Memlûk devrinde yapısı ile uyumlu gelişme gösterir. Doğrusu ...

sport history in the digital era kpjs sport history in the digital era by hayaka tou 53.36mb sport history in the digital era nutrisol size 35,19mb epub book sport history in the digital era sport history in the digital era by fuyuhiko koyanagi 47,19mb download link sport history in the digital era 64,75mb read online sport history in the digital era size 71,18mb link download sport history in ...