Objective: Whereas diminution of infarct size by ischemic preconditioning (IP) is well-accepted, protection against stunning is 21 controversial. Since stunning is characterized by decreased myofilament Ca responsiveness, we investigated whether IP would preserve myofilament responsiveness in a model of stunning. Methods: Rat hearts were retrogradely perfused with Krebs–Henseleit (K–H) solution...

An integrated service internet running real-time and multimedia applications is rapidly becoming a reality. Meanwhile, ATM technology is appearing in the marketplace. It is an important problem to integrate ATM networks into this integrated service internet. One of the approaches, classical IP over ATM, is now widely deployed, effectively solving the problem of internetworking and interoperabil...

The ramifications of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) networking with mobile hosts and wireless links in a hybrid wireless/IP environment are examined. Two issues that affect the performance of TCP/IP are mobility support in the network layer and coping with packet errors in TCP flow/congestion control in the transport layer. The operational features of agent-assisted,...

Multicast Extensions to the Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distr...

With today’s networks complexity, routers in backbone links must be able to handle millions of packets per second on each of their ports. Determining the corresponding output interface for each incoming packet based on its destination address requires a longest matching prefix search on the IP address. Therefore, IP address lookup is one of the most challenging problems for backbone routers. In...

This Paper seeks to review the articles published in Journal of Intellectual Property Rights (JIPR) second half first decade twenty-first century from Volume 10(1) (2005) 14(6) (2009). During this period, a total seven post-independent enacted IP legislations were force country. reviews JIPR year-wise during decade. attempts identify: (i) number issues published; (ii) (iii) contributions made b...

Breeding innovations are relevant for sustainable agricultural development and food security, as new, resilient production systems require crop varieties optimally suited these systems. In the societal debate around genetic engineering other plant breeding innovations, ownership of patents on technology used in hands large companies is often seen a reason that small denied opportunities further...

Abstract Research Summary This article studies how the entry of an imitative product influences demand for original, in markets with a large number products where consumers are not aware most products. We suggest that release triggers two countervailing forces: discovery effect increases awareness and substitution decreasing demand. When imitation is horizontally differentiated, weaker, leads t...

The article is devoted to the study of main aspects international protection intellectual rights. authors consider a number conventions and treaties, as well provisions cooperation between WIPO WTO under Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights. International treaties form network that serves all member states, depriving them opportunity act arbitrarily, at their discreti...