BACKGROUND After repeated injections of VEGF inhibitors for wet AMD some patients show therapy-resistant isolated subretinal fluid (here named secondary sick RPE syndrome). The efficacy of photodynamic therapy was examined in these cases. PATIENTS AND METHODS A group of in total 18 patients with wet AMD (14 eyes with occult and 4 with minimal classic CNV) showed therapy-resistant isolated sub...

PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy for patients diagnosed with submacular hemorrhage secondary to exudative age-related macular degeneration. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included 49 patients (49 eyes) who initially presented with submacular hemorrhage associated with exudative age-related ma...

Introduction: Central serous chorio-retinopathy is self-limited in the majority of patients, who usually retain excellent vision. However, those who do not resolve spontaneously may develop permanent visual impairment because of pigment epithelial and photoreceptor damage. Most clinicians prefer to observe these patients for three months before considering any treatment options because most cas...

Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and intraocular neovascular diseases have been treated clinically by anti-VEGF antibody drug bevacizumab. However, the use of bevacizumab in the treatment of retinal neovascular diseases has been limited due to the short half-life and frequent injections. In this research, novel amphiphilic hydrophilic-hydrophobic block copolymers of methoxy-poly (ethylen...

PURPOSE Angioid streaks (AS) are dehiscences in Bruch's membrane that may be idiopathic or associated with numerous systemic illnesses. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an underdiagnosed exudative chorioretinopathy often characterised by serosanguineous detachments of the pigmented epithelium. The use of the anti-VEGF agents ranibizumab and aflibercept in the management of PCV seconda...

PURPOSE To investigate associations between outcome of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy and choroidal morphology in eyes with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS Fifty-two eyes of 46 patients with myopic CNV received a single intravitreal anti-VEGF injection, followed by as-needed injections. Baseline choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and 1.5 a...

PURPOSE Inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis have been proposed to interact in age-related macular degeneration. It has been postulated that external stimuli that cause oxidative stress can increase production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis ...

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of several sight-threatening retinal disorders such as age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The discovery of anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized the treatment of these conditions. Ophthalmology has witnessed an e...

Anti-VEGF Drugs Anti-VEGF drugs are used to treat retinal conditions such as the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) which is responsible for 80-90% of the vision loss associated with AMD. Avastin, Lucentis and Eylea are anti-VEGF drugs. Avastin was developed as a systemic treatment for cancer. It was also considered for retinal conditions, but evidence showed that systemic expo...

PURPOSE To study the incidence and risk factors for retinal pigment epithelium tears following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections. METHODS Retrospective longitudinal study. 4027 intravitreal anti-VEGF injections in 628 patients (676 eyes) for choroidal neovascularisation associated with age related macular degeneration in a period of 18 months were studied....