The anthropometric measurements (height, weight and mid upper arm circumference) of children of working mothers in the age group of 12 to 60 months show a closeness in the values relating to urban and rural children although the males had higher values than females in all the age groups. The average Gomez percentage taking all the age groups combined were 91.59 and 86.95 in males against 95.54 ...

Polarization in context of income distribution refers to the decline of middle class. The empirical analysis of polarization is quite unexplored area in Pakistan. The present paper measures polarization for Pakistan and its rural and urban segments and the novel concept of time-decomposition of polarization has also been applied for the first time in Pakistan for the three latest survey years o...

Growth and development aid have proved to be insu cient for alleviating rural poverty in Africa. Thus, e orts should be directed toward enhancing the capacities of rural households to utilize their productive assets, human capital, and land more e ciently in order to alleviate poverty on their own. This paper uses panel and crosssectional regressions, with socio-economic and demographic survey ...

We performed this study to assess the prevalence of sensitization to aeroallergens and to analyze the difference between prevalence rates according to children's ages and residential areas. In this nationwide cross-sectional study, first grade students of 45 elementary schools and 40 middle schools were randomly selected, and skin prick tests were performed for 18 inhalant allergens between Oct...

The livelihoods of Chinese rural households are undergoing a transformation amid urbanization. While participation in the urban economy has improved rural living standards, rural income has consistently lagged behind urban income, and a broader prosperity gap persists between urban and rural areas. How to increase rural income and reduce the rural-urban gap remains a major challenge for the Chi...

Students’ perceptions of school danger have been associated with several negative academic, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. However, little research has focused on which contextual factors influence rural youths’ perceptions of school danger. Through hierarchical regression analyses, the study presented in this article explored the relative importance of parent, peer, school experience,...

This paper examines the impact of economic transition and health sector reform on health equities in the urban and rural populations of China in the 1990s. Since 1980, China has experienced a rapid economic development and fundamental transformation of its society. Three secondary data sources were used as the basis for the analysis and discussion: mortality data from the National Death Notific...

INTRODUCTION The study aimed to explore the gap of prevalence of healthy lifestyle behaviors including smoking cessation, quitting drinking, physical activity and healthy eating between Chinese adults with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). METHODS This study is a cross-sectional component of Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE)-China study, which recruited ~46,000 participant...

BACKGROUND This study was carried-out to explore smoking behaviour and smoking expenditure among low income workers in Eastern China to inform tobacco control policy. METHODS A self-completion questionnaire was administered to 1958 urban workers, 1909 rural workers and 3248 migrant workers in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China in 2004. RESULTS Overall 54% of the men and 1.8% of all women were...