the modern infirmary is the evolutional product of the dialectic interface between medical theories at each time and the outcome of their application in clinical practice. the infirmary as we know it today did not exist during antiquity, but the different precursors of the modern hospital emerged as a result of the interaction between medical theory and practice. during antiquity the hippocrati...

S. H. NASR, An annotated bibliography of Islamic science, with the collaboration of W. C. Chittick, Teheran, Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy (publication no. 1), 1975, vol. 1, pp. lxiv, 432, 1-9 in Persian [no price stated]. Dr. Nasr is the author of many original books and papers on medieval Islamic science. This comprehensive annotated bibliography is the first of five projected volume...

During the conquests, military operations were moving towards Persia, confident of victory, believing in will God Almighty, by saying (He is One Who sent His Messenger, through you guidance and a religion truth, that He may make it clear to Him) this proof 55. It indicates high morale, armed with spirit faith their adherence principles constructive ideas Islam. The Islamic conquests showed civi...

In general surveys of art history in current use, Byzantine art has been separated from Western Medieval art by several strategies. Most often Early Christian and Byzantine art follows Roman art and precedes Islamic art. Advancing as late as the sixteenth or seventeenth century in Orthodox and Islamic countries, the surveys turn back to early medieval Western Europe from which another narrative...

The Archaeology of Medieval Islamic Frontiers: From the Mediterranean to Caspian Sea, edited by A. Asa Eger. University Colorado Press, 2019. 232pp., Hb. $58.00. ISBN-13: 9781607328780.