The authors tested how adverse childhood experiences (child maltreatment and parent alcohol- and drug-related problems) and adult polydrug use (as a mediator) predict poor parenting in a community sample (237 mothers and 81 fathers). These relationships were framed within several theoretical perspectives, including observational learning, impaired functioning, self-medication, and parentificati...

OBJECTIVE To compare the cost effectiveness of various strategies for neonatal hearing screening by estimating the cost per hearing impaired child detected. DESIGN Cost analyses with a simulation model, including a multivariate sensitivity analysis. Comparisons of the cost per child detected were made for: screening method (automated auditory brainstem response or otoacoustic emissions); numb...

Introduction: In recent years, music has been employed in many intervention and rehabilitation program to enhance cognitive abilities in patients. Numerous researches show that music therapy can help improving language skills in patients including hearing impaired. In this study, a new method of music training is introduced based on principles of neuroscience and capabilities of Persian languag...

BackgroundRickets is a disorder due to impaired metabolism of bone mineralization which caused by low concentrations of extra-cellular calcium or phosphate. In children, hypophosphatemic rickets (HR) happen malabsorption of phosphate and increasing of renal tubular loss.Case Presentation We present the case of a 4-year-old girl who had medical history of HR with failure to thrive (FTT). Child h...

OBJECTIVE To identify family and child characteristics that put toddlers at risk of injuries. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING This study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. PARTICIPANTS The study sample consisted of 26 087 children and their mothers. OUTCOME MEASURES Family and child characteristics ...

The effects of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) on neurobehavioral function were examined in two matched groups of children from the general population. Thirty-five children with polysomnographically confirmed SDB were matched for ethnicity, age, gender, maternal educational attainment, and maternal smoking, to healthy children with no evidence of SDB. Children with SDB had significantly lower ...

Development is a dynamic and continuous phenomenon  that is under the influence of various factors forming a complicated multidimensional system together. Any impairment in these factors can lead to impaired development in children, which is one of the most common problems in children. Therefore, this study provides a brief overview of these factors and the way they affect early childhood ...

Neurological impairment as discussed includes a range of disabilities referred to as neurological impairment: minimal brain dysfunction/damage, developmental disability, perceptual handicap, learning disability, hyperkinetic behavioral syndrome, and others. Defined are causes of neurological impairment and methods of diagnosis. Symptoms (characteristics) of impaired neurological functioning are...

In recent years, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, especially Enterococcus faecium has emerged as an important nososcomial pathogen and represents a serious threat to patients with impaired host defences. We report infection with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a 3-year-old child with patent ductus arteriosus. The organism, isolated from a central venous catheter tip, exhibited a h...