this study was conducted to investigate the effects of curcuma zedoaria and zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper (epinephelus coioides). fish were fed an experimental diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 g/kg of c. zedoaria and z. zerumbet mixed diets twice daily for two weeks. non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, reactive oxygen species, phago...

Recurrent infections are very common in children and a major challenge for pediatricians. They affect the children’s quality of life, cause absences from school and lost parental working days, and repeated medical examinations, hospital admissions as well as antibiotic therapies lead to high costs for society. Given their prevalence and clinical importance, various prevention strategies have be...

Vibrio harveyi infection was an obstacle in shrimp culture. Meanwhile, the use of antibiotics disease control no longer effective, so immunostimulants such as meniran leaves safest alternative. The purpose this study to determine effect adding different doses leaf extract (Phyllanthus niruri L.) feed on immune system vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) which challenged with harveyi. This research e...

Abstract Long-term and inappropriate use of antibiotics can negatively impact goldfish seeds ( Cyprinus carpio L.), which are affected by Motile Aeromonas Septicemia . One the prevention efforts is utilization immunostimulants from natural ingredients such as Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. contains active substances in form curcuminoids, terpenoids, essential oils that provide antibacterial activit...

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish were fed an experimental diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 g/kg of C. zedoaria and Z. zerumbet mixed diets twice daily for two weeks. Non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, reactive oxygen species, phago...

Abstract Various emerging and re‐emerging diseases, such as streptococcosis, tilapia lake virus disease infectious spleen kidney necrosis disease, have had a significant economic impact on the industry over last decade. These diseases resulted in high levels of morbidity mortality, production losses trade restrictions. In absence effective husbandry management, prevention strategies appropriate...