The accurate estimation of age is an important area in geriatric research. The lack of suitable records in developing countries coupled with illiteracy makes this process difficult. Fifty patients were studied in order to assess their age by means of a checklist which contained significant personal and historical events. The average patient was found to under-report his age by three years.

Environments lacking in stimuli together with ineffective physical education programs can lead to motor illiteracy, causing several adverse effects that could be worsened by unhealthy weight conditions (e.g., obesity). Obesity seen as an actual barrier for children and adolescents, especially affective, behavioral, physical, cognitive domains. In this context, condensing what the literature pro...

Arab countries face major challenges, including foreign occupations, deficient liberties, poor governance, squandering of resources, economic regression, inequities, and illiteracy. Arab reformists have advocated political, economic, and social change since the late 19th century. However, despite decades of local pressure for change, reforms remain elusive. We consider how action on health can ...

BACKGROUND Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) are specific conditions for which hospitalization is thought to be avoidable through patient education, health promotion initiatives, early diagnosis and by appropriate chronic disease management, and have been shown to be greatly influenced by socioeconomic (SE) characteristics. We examined the SE inequalities in hospi...

To the Editor—In their original article, Ali et al1 state that in Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan which is a country with an illiteracy rate of 45.1%,2 and one of the three countries with highest consumption of opiates,3 the factors most commonly associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) include illiteracy of women (odds ratio [OR]=5.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-19.6), illit...