Thyrotropine secretion in human beings is under the influence of various factors. The effect of the hormones, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, somatostatin and thyroid-stimulating hormone has been well known. In this study the direct effect of stimulation of the dopaminergic system by bromocriptine on the thyrotropine secretion was investigated. In this study twenty women with hyperprolactinemia r...

Melatonin transmits photoperiodic signals that regulate reproduction. Two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) have been cloned in mammals and additional melatonin binding sites suggested, but the receptor that mediates the effects of melatonin on the photoperiodic gonadal response has not yet been identified. We therefore investigated in mice whether and how targeted disruption of MT1, MT2, or bo...

A train of symptoms, coupled with retardation of tissue metabolism and with inactivity of the reproductive glands, not only accompanies states of experimentally induced hypophysial deficiency, but is equally characteristic of clinical states of hypopituitarism. The more notable of these symptoms are a tendency, in the chronic cases, toward an unusual deposition of fat, a lowering of body temper...

In chronic experiments on rabbits it has been shown that destruction of dorsal amygdalofugal ways leads to full and persistent blockade of hippocampal theta-rhythm. To elucidate the causes irreversible changes in different areas of the hippocampus and the medial nucleus of septum morphological studies were carried out in neurons and glial cells of bazolateral (AB), central (AC), lateral (AL) an...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that regulates the circulating levels of vital glucocorticoid hormones. The activity of the HPA axis is characterized not only by a classic circadian rhythm, but also by an ultradian pattern of discrete pulsatile release of glucocorticoids. A number of psychiatric and metabolic diseases are associated with changes in gluco...

Kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamus appears critical for the onset of puberty and driving the reproductive axis. In sheep, reproduction is seasonal, being activated by short days and inhibited by long days. During the non-breeding (anestrous) season, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin secretion is reduced, as is the expression of Kiss1 mRNA in the brain. Conversely, the...

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is well characterized for its neurotrophic actions on peripheral sensory and sympathetic neurons and on central cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain. Recent evidence, however, has shown high levels of NGF to be present in a variety of biological fluids after inflammatory and autoimmune responses, suggesting that NGF is a mediator of immune interactions. Increased...

Endotoxin has been shown to stimulate ACTH and cortisol secretion through an action at the hypothalamic level. However, the nature of hypothalamic neurohormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and especially arginine vasopressin (AVP), involved in that regulation is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an acute i.v. endotoxin administration on CR...

EXPERIMENTAL hypertensive cardiovascular disease is easily induced in the rat by desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) especially, although by no means exclusively, in animals sensitized by augmented sodium intake and removal of a kidney.' Other mineralocorticoid steroids, differing quantitatively in potency, have the same effect.' Depending upon the circumstances of the experiment, either benign ...