Inadequate breastfeeding may result in malnutrition, hypernatremic dehydration and catastrophic outcomes. We describe a case of severe breast feeding associated hypernatremia which was complicated by acute seizures and severe hyperglycemia. The baby's condition was initially confused with neonatal diabetes mellitus.

Changes in osmolality or extracellular NaCl concentrations are detected by specialized neurons in the hypothalamus to increase vasopressin (VP) and stimulate thirst. Recent in vitro evidence suggests this process is mediated by an NH2-terminal variant of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel expressed by osmosensitive neurons of the lamina terminalis and vasopressine...

In central osmoregulation, a 1-2% rise in plasma osmolality is detected by specialized osmoreceptors located in the circumventricular organs of the hypothalamus. A disturbance in this tightly regulated balance will result in either hyponatremia or hypernatremia, which are both common electrolyte disorders in hospitalized patients. Despite the high clinical importance of hypo- and hypernatremia ...

In this large study, the patients were divided into three groups of acquired hyponatremia, always normal sodium, and acquired hypernatremia according to their first episode of SD after arrival in the ICU. The categorization of the patients based on the first episode of SD, although simple and informative, we think oversimplifies a complex and common disorder in the ICU. Critically ill patients ...

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been widely employed in the treatment of critically ill patients. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of CRRT such as continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), in patients with acute hypernatremia following craniocerebral injury and cerebral...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratorial factors associated with serum sodium variation during continuous renal replacement therapy and to assess whether the perfect admixture formula could predict 24-hour sodium variation. METHODS Thirty-six continuous renal replacement therapy sessions of 33 patients, in which the affluent prescription was unchanged d...

, Abstract—Background: Intentional massive sodium chloride ingestions are rare occurrences and are often fatal. Objectives: There are a variety of treatment recommendations for hypernatremia, ranging from dialysis to varying rates of correction. We report a case of acute severe hypernatremia corrected with rapid free-water infusions that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. Case...

BACKGROUND Although dysnatremia has been reported to be correlated with mortality risk, this issue remains unresolved in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Furthermore, it has not been determined whether change in or correction of sodium is related to mortality risk in this subset. METHODS A total of 569 patients were prospectively enrolled at the start of CRRT b...

Data were prospectively obtained from exclusively breast-fed healthy term neonates at birth and from healthy mothers with no obstetric complication to determine risk factors for excess weight loss and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants. Thirty-four neonates with a weight loss > or = 10% were diagnosed between April 2001 and January 2005. Six of 18 infants who were eligible for the ...

Shunt malfunction is a life-threatening cause of altered mental status and ventriculomegaly in patients with shunted hydrocephalus. While shunt should be highest on the differential for such patients, there may additional toxic/metabolic derangements that are contributing to their presentation not overlooked. Here we present case 41-year-old woman dependent hydrocephalus presenting intracranial...