With the evolution of the family structure and the increasing longevity, our society is relying more and more on power assist devices. Since these devices are meant to work in cooperation with the user, considering only the characteristics of the device is not enough, the human response must also be taken into account. However, the weight perception is commonly affected by illusions, like the C...

UNLABELLED Mechanical strain applied to bone leads to bone remodeling. In the oral cavity, it is unclear how such mechanical force applied to move teeth orthodontically induces alveolar bone remodeling. It is known that osteoclasts are the only cells that are responsible for bone resorption, while the formation and activity of osteoclasts are regulated by osteoblasts. So it is believed that ost...

In the field of robotics, many of studies have been published addressing the issue of grasping in robotic manipulators. A number of these discuss grasp force and present algorithms aimed at achieving the ‘optimal’ grasp force for given tasks. This paper seeks to make a comparison between these algorithms and the human grasping function. An apparatus and experimental protocol were designed to al...

Using the force sensor of an atomic force microscope, motor forces of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 reverse transcriptase were measured during active replication of a short DNA transcript. At low load forces the polymerase is mechanically slowed, whereas at high force (approximately 15 piconewton) it stalls. From recordings of estimated polymerase turnover velocity versus load force, an ap...

Few studies have analyzed activity-induced changes in EMG activity in individual human motor units. We studied the changes in human thenar motor unit EMG that accompany the potentiation of twitch force and fatigue of tetanic force. Single motor unit EMG and force were recorded in healthy subjects in response to selective stimulation of their motor axons within the median nerve just above the el...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of moderate and severe orthodontic forces on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in healthy human dental pulp. METHODS Thirty human dental pulp samples were obtained from healthy premolars in which extraction was indicated for orthodontic reasons. Before extraction, teeth were divided into 3 groups of 10 premolars...

1. The effects of single isovelocity shortening contractions on force production of the electrically stimulated human adductor pollicis muscle were investigated in seven healthy male subjects. 2. Redeveloped isometric force immediately following isovelocity shortening was always depressed compared with the isometric force recorded at the same muscle length but without preceding shortening. The ...

This paper describes a design of six-axis force sensor that mesures ground reaction force of human or humanoid robot. The key concept is parallel support mechanisms that allow large torques and forces which are caused when foot is hitting to the environment. Basic concept and design of parallel support mechanisms are denoted. Finally ground reaction force measurement system for human walking, a...

The interstellar medium is known to be chemically complex. Organic molecules with up to 11 atoms have been detected in the interstellar medium, and are believed to be formed on the ices around dust grains. The ices can be released into the gas-phase either through thermal desorption, when a newly formed star heats the medium around it and completely evaporates the ices; or through non-thermal d...