achieving a desirable percutaneous absorption of drug molecule is a major concern in formulating dermatological products. the use of penetration enhancers could provide a successful mean for this purpose. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating a few common penetration enhancers (in different concentrations) into a 0.5% w/w piroxicam (model drug) gel formulation, on th...

An undifferentiated status and the epigenetic inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes are hallmarks of transformed cells. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation of differentiating genes, however, has rarely been reported. The Groucho homologue Transducin-like Enhancer of Split 1 (TLE1) is a multitasked transcriptional corepressor that acts through the acute myelogenous leukemia 1, Wnt, and Notch s...

We have identified cis-regulatory sequences acting on Otx2 expression in epiblast (EP) and anterior neuroectoderm (AN) at about 90 kb 5' upstream. The activity of the EP enhancer is found in the inner cell mass at E3.5 and the entire epiblast at E5.5. The AN enhancer activity is detected initially at E7.0 and ceases by E8.5; it is found later in the dorsomedial aspect of the telencephalon at E1...

The significance of trade in the development nations made this study examine impact balance, exchange rate, and money supply on economic growth with reference to Nigeria's economy serve as a lesson for other African countries. relies Mundell-Fleming BOP model its framework use secondary time-series data extracted from statistical bulletin Central Bank Nigeria 1981 2020. ARDL cointegration least...

Myogenin and MyoD belong to a family of muscle-specific helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins that have the potential to activate muscle-specific genes in nonmyogenic cells. Peptide growth factors can block the ability of myogenin and MyoD to activate their target genes. Here, we show that the growth factor-inducible proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and junB mimic the effects of exogenous growth factors...

Background and objectives: Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) inhibition results in an increase in apoptosis. It has been demonstrated that NF-κB subunit p65 phosphorylation at the IκB kinase phosphorylation site serine 536 (Ser536) is essential for the NF-κB nuclear translocation and activation. Therefore, NF-κB can be downregulated by suppressing its phosph...

The gastrin gene is expressed in fetal pancreatic islet cells, but in the adult is expressed mainly in the gastric antrum. To study the regulation of the gastrin promoter, we created several transgenes containing the human and rat gastrin 5' flanking regions joined to the coding sequences of the human gastrin gene. The human gastrin transgene contained 1,300 bp of 5' flanking DNA, while the rat...

The expression of the ANR1 MADS-box gene was manipulated in transgenic plants to investigate its role in the NO(3)(-)-dependent regulation of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Constitutive overexpression of ANR1 in roots, achieved using GAL4 enhancer trap lines, resulted in more rapid early seedling development, increased lengths and numbers of lateral roots and increased shoot fresh we...

Prostate cancer growth depends on androgens. Synthetic antiandrogens are used in the cancer treatment. However, antiandrogens, such as bicalutamide (BIC), have a mixed agonist/antagonist activity. Here we compare the antiandrogenic capacity of BIC to a new antiandrogen, MDV3100 (MDV) or Enzalutamide™. By reconstitution of a hormone-regulated enhancer in Xenopus oocytes we show that both antagon...

Human placental lactogen (hPL) and human growth hormone (hGH) are members of a multigene family that share amino acid sequence homology and similarity in gene structure and nucleotide sequence, but differ in both function and expression. To determine the sequence requirements for tissue specific expression recombinant plasmids containing the members of the hPL-hGH multigene family and flanking ...