Spatially heterogeneous distribution of interspecific competitors and intraspecific aggregation of offspring ramets may affect the growth and size structure of clonal plant populations, but these have been rarely studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment in which we grew a population of eight offspring ramets (plants) of the stoloniferous clonal plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris aggregately or seg...

Psychodini is redefined based on morphological characters and newly recognized homologies in the male genitalia. It is hypothesised that the ground-plan aedeagus of Psychodini consists of a symmetrical bipartite aedeagus flanked by paired, symmetrical parameres; which in many lineages have become asymmetrical via the differentiation of phallomeres and parameres and/or via reduction of one param...

Abcharis nom. nov. is established as a new substitute name for Notiocharis Eaton, 1913 (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae), which is a junior homonym of Notiocharis Gistel, 1856 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). The following new combinations are proposed: Abcharis assimilis (Quate & Quate, 1967) comb. nov.; A. dimorpha (Satchell, 1953) comb. nov.; A. femoralis (Quate, 1965) comb. nov.; A. filipinae (Qu...

Nonchemical quarantine treatments, using a combination of short-duration high temperatures under low oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide atmospheric environment were developed to control codling moth in sweet cherries, Prunus avium (L.). The two treatments developed are a chamber temperature of 45 degrees C for 45 min and a chamber temperature of 47 degreesC for 25 min under a 1% oxygen, 15% carbon...

Understanding how invasive plants may alter predator avoidance behaviors is important for granivorous rodents because their foraging can trigger ripple effects in trophic webs. Previous research has shown that European beach grass Ammophila arenaria, an invasive species in coastal California, affects the predation of other seeds by the rodents Microtus californicus, Peromyscus maniculatus, and ...

Introduction:The prevalence of atopic diseases has increased in recent decades dramatically. The most common aeroallergens in Northeastern Iran have not been fully defined. Define the most common aeroallergens in allergic patients based on the skin prick test (SPT) was aimed in this investigation.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study enrolled 1,006 allergic patients (aged 1–86 years)...

From the results of a large series of calorimetric studies with artificially dried grasses (Armstrong, 1964), it was found that the value of a dried grass as an energy source for sheep could be predicted from considerations of its species and its chemical composition (Armstrong, Blaxter & Waite, 1964). The question arises whether the nutritive value of fresh grass can be inferred from that of d...

the identification of different species of simuliidae, also called “black fly”, is based on particular structure of oral and terminal appendages of their larvae add also on the special morphology of adults and pupaes. because of their considerable flight range, the problem of finding their resting places, and also the difficulties of collecting the adult flies, breeding of this insect, in the l...