MICROBIAL EVOLUTION: A GENEALOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Protists, bacteria and archaea (the prokaryotes), and their mobile genetic elements populate the microbial world. This world is ancient (several billion years old), numerically huge (with 5 × 1030 prokaryotic cells and 10–100 times more viruses!), and genetically extremely diversified. Such a large assemblage cannot be ignored in attempts to under...

This paper presents a challenging Family History Knowledge Base (FHKB) authored in OWL 2 DL. Originally, the FHKB was designed to act as a tool for education, especially about OWL 2’s features and the use of automated reasoners. As a result, the FHKB has been constructed to maximise use of inference. For individuals representing people, only genealogical assertions on parentage and sparse asser...

Last year marked the 10th anniversary of the birth of phylogeography as a formal discipline. However, the field’s gestation began in the mid-1970s with the introduction of mitochondrial (mt) DNA analyses to population genetics, and to the profound shift toward genealogical thought at the intraspecific level (now formalized as coalescent theory) that these methods prompted. This paper traces the...

In this paper we give an algorithm to generate all rooted trees with at most n vertices. The algorithm generates each tree in constant time on average. Furthermore the algorithm is simple, and clarifies a simple relation among the trees, that is a family tree of trees, and outputs trees based on the relation.

Genealogical concordance is a critical overlay of all phylogenetic analyses, irrespective of taxonomic level. To assess such patterns of congruence we have compiled and derived sequence data for two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) and two nuclear (ITS1, p26) markers in 14 American populations of the hypersaline branchiopod Artemia franciscana. Cladistic analysis revealed three reciprocally monoph...

This article considers a demographic model where a population varies in size either linearly or exponentially. The genealogical history of microsatellite data sampled from this population can be described using coalescent theory. A method is presented whereby the posterior probability distribution of the genealogical and demographic parameters can be estimated using Markov chain Monte Carlo sim...

We have compared the Y chromosomal lineage dating between sequence data and commonly used Y-SNP plus Y-STR data. The coalescent times estimated using evolutionary Y-STR mutation rates correspond best with sequence-based dating when the lineages include the most ancient haplogroup A individuals. However, the times using slow mutated STR markers with genealogical rates fit well with sequence-base...

Educational linguists across England and the USA have long critiqued deficit-based language ideologies in schools, yet since early 2010s, these enjoyed a marked resurgence England’s education policy as evident discourses, funding, pedagogical materials related to so-called ‘word gap.’ This article conceptualizes word gap realization of raciolinguistic which practices racialized, low-income disa...