The application of single-pass attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) microscopy was investigated for secondary structure analysis of 15 representative proteins in H2O solution. This is the first reported application of single-pass ATR-FT-IR for protein analysis; thus, the method was validated using transmission FT-IR and multipass ATR-FT-IR as referee methods. The s...

AIM Foramina transversaria (FT) are located on the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. These foramina are known to exhibit variations with regard to size, shape and may even be absent or duplicated. The aims of this study are to investigate the shape, size and variations of FT in an ancient population and to point out the importance of double FT in the human anatomy. MAT...

We evaluated the effects of fixed-interval (FI), fixed-time (FT), and conjoint (combined) FI FT reinforcement schedules on the responding of 3 adults who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Responding on vocational tasks decreased for 2 of 3 participants under FT alone relative to FI alone. Responding under FI FT resulted in response persistence for 2 of 3 participants. Results have implicat...

Let (Ω,F , P ) be a complete probability space with an increasing filtration {Ft, t ≥ 0} of complete with respect to (F , P ) σ-fields Ft ⊂ F . Denote by P the predictable σ-field in Ω × (0,∞) associated with {Ft} and let τ be a stopping time with respect to {Ft, t ≥ 0}. Let w k t , k = 1, 2, ..., be independent one-dimensional Wiener processes with respect to {Ft}. Let D be the space of genera...

The Dhn5 gene is the major cold-inducible dehydrin gene in barley. This study deals with the relationship between Dhn5 gene expression and its protein product accumulation, and the development of frost tolerance (FT) upon cold acclimation (CA) in 10 barley cultivars of different growth habits and geographical origins. The activation of Dhn5 gene expression was determined by quantitative reverse...

We compared the effects of extinction (EXT) and fixed-time (FT) schedules as treatment for severe problem behavior displayed by 3 individuals with developmental disabilities. First, functional analyses identified the reinforcers maintaining aberrant behavior for all 3 individuals. Next, EXT and FT schedules were compared using a multielement design. During EXT, the reinforcer maintaining proble...

Consider a continuous time, finite state Markov chain X = {Xt, t ∈ [0, T ]}. We identify the states of this process with the unit vectors ei in R N , where N is the number of states of the chain. We consider stochastic processes defined on the filtered probability space (Ω, F , {Ft}, P), where {Ft} is the completed natural filtration generated by the σ-fields Ft = σ({Xu, u ≤ t}, F ∈ FT : P(F ) ...

BACKGROUND Although colorectal carcinogenesis has been intensively studied, the published investigations do not provide a consistent description of how different carbohydrate determinants of colorectal epithelium are modified in colorectal cancer (CRC). OBJECTIVE This study is an attempt to characterize the terminal fucosylation steps responsible for the synthesis of mono- Le(a)/Le(x)- and di...