The JRC demonstrated the feasibility to assess and report in a harmonized manner, forest landscape pattern and fragmentation in Europe, on the basis of an easily reproducible set of indices. Results were used in the Forest EUROPE, UN ECE and FAO joint ministerial reporting process on the protection of forests in Europe where data on forest pattern do not exist from national forest inventories. ...

The JRC demonstrated the feasibility to assess and report in a harmonized manner, forest landscape pattern and fragmentation in Europe, on the basis of an easily reproducible set of indices. Results were used in the Forest EUROPE, UN ECE and FAO joint ministerial reporting process on the protection of forests in Europe where data on forest pattern do not exist from national forest inventories. ...

Costa Rican natural ecosystems are among the most diverse in the world. For this reason, we isolated strains of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to determine their diversity, distribution and abundance. A total of 146 Bt strains were obtained from environmental samples collected from diverse natural ecosystems and life zones of Costa Rica. We recovered Bt strains from 7...

The ichneumid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) have essential role in biological control of insect agricultural and forest pests. A list 17 species 14 genera these parasitoids collected from different regions Iran is given. All them are new for the fauna country.

a r t i c l e i n f o Rigorous assessments of the economic impacts of introduced species at broad spatial scales are required to provide credible information to policy makers. We propose that economic models of aggregate damages induced by biological invasions need to link microeconomic analyses of site-specific economic damages with spatial-dynamic models of value change associated with invasi...

Until recently, deadwood was perceived as a negative element of forest ecosystems, that indicates “mismanagement, negligence, and wastefulness” of the applied forest management (Stachura et al., 2007). It was regarded as a potential source of biotic pests, mainly insects (Bütler, 2003; Marage & Lemperiere, 2005), to remaining trees in a forest as well as to adjacent stands (Pasierbek et al., 20...

Canada is in a unique position for the regulation of GM (genetically modified) plants since it is based on the novelty of the resulting traits and not on the process to obtain it. For this reasons the term “plant with novel traits” (or PNTs) is used and these traits can be introduced into plants using biotechnology, mutagenesis or conventional breeding techniques. In Canada, less than a handful...

The current approach to modelling pest impacts on forest net primary production (NPP) is to apply a constant modifier. This does not capture the large spatial and temporal variability in pest abundance and activity that can occur, meaning that overestimates or underestimates of pest impacts on forest NPP are likely. Taking a more mechanistic approach that incorporates an understanding of how ph...

The plantation and natural forests of South America have been highly impacted by native exotic pests in recent decades. interaction emerging invasive pests, climate change, timber markets will define the region’s forests, with significant but uncertain ecological changes economic losses expected. Southern Cone Forest Health Group (SCFHG), a joint ad hoc initiative run forest health professional...

Wood borers and bark beetles are among the most serious forest pests worldwide. Many such species have become successful invaders, often causing substantial, costly damages to forests. Here we design and evaluate the cost-efficiency of a trap-based surveillance program for early detection of wood borers and bark beetles at risk of establishing in New Zealand. Although costly, a surveillance prog...