background: narcotic addiction is one of the most important problems in human communities that unfortunately it's prevalence has been increased in our country inconveniently. opium has various effects on the parts of body. many studies has been performed about these effects, but opium effect on common bile duct has allocated only small quantity. materials and methods: this study is a cross-sect...

Amino acid and bile salt odorants are detected by zebrafish with relatively independent odorant receptors, but the transduction cascade(s) subsequently activated by these odorants remains unknown. Electro-olfactogram recording methods were used to determine the effects of two drugs, reported to affect phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol tripohsphate (IP3)-mediated olfactory transduction in other ver...

Trigeminally innervated, mechanically sensitive chemoreceptors (M) were previously identified in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, but it is not known whether these receptors are responsive only to noxious, chemical irritants or have a general chemosensory function. This study aimed to characterise the stimulus-response properties of these receptors in comparison with polymodal nociceptors (P...

New metabolites of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), a potent mutagen and carcinogen formed during cooking of meat or fish, have been identified and quantitated in the urine and bile of rats. Administration was either by a pulse gavage dose of 40 mg/kg [2-14C]IQ or by dietary intake of 300 ppm IQ for 6 weeks. The metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography an...

bile duct ligation (bdl) is shown to induce cholestasis-related liver function impairments as well as consequent cognitive dysfunctions (i.e. impaired learning and memory formation). this study investigates the effects of cholestasis (14, 21 and 28 days post bile duct ligation) on spatial and non-spatial novelty detection, using a non-associative task. male mice weighing 30-35 g were used. chol...

This study aimed to highlight the relationship between diet, animal performance and mucosal adherent gut microbiota (anterior intestine) in fish fed plant-based diets supplemented with an egg white hydrolysate (EWH) antioxidant anti-obesogenic activity obese rats. The feeding trial juveniles of gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) lasted 8 weeks. Fish were near visual satiety a meal (FM)/fish o...

biliary papillomatosis is a disorder characterized by numerous adenomatous polyps of variable distribution and extent in intrahepatic bile ducts. it should be considered as a premalignant condition because a high proportion of the lesions undergo malignant transformation. in this report, we present a patient with abdominal pain and jaundice. according to his presenting signs and symptoms, ercp ...

Condition factor is a measure of energetics, nutritional status and viability host. Changes in the host condition have effect on rate infection. 100 fishes Sarotherodon melanotheron 90 Parachanna obscura from Lekki lagoon were procured dissected for intestinal helminth parasites. factors all individuals determined. Median (K < 1.32 K > 1.32) 4.09 4.09) used grouping individuals. Male fema...