It is shown that the size effect recently observed by Espinosa et al., fJ. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 47 s2003dg in pure tension tests on free thin metallic films can be explained by the existence of a boundary layer of fixed thickness, located at the surface of the film that was attached onto the substrate during deposition. The boundary layer is influenced by the epitaxial effects of crystal grow...

PURPOSE To investigate the optimal sensitometric curves of extended dose range (EDR2) radiographic film in terms of depth, field size, dose range and processing conditions for dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dosimetry verification with 6 MV X-ray beams. MATERIALS AND METHODS A Varian Clinac 23 EX linear accelerator with 6 MV X-ray beam was used to study the response of Ko...

BACKGROUND Crystallographic composition of urinary tract stone varies in several chemical groups and determines the degree of fragmentation to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) which has been widely used for the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi. Visual prediction of stone composition by its morphology from plain radiograph may provide a simple method and clinical hint to decid...

We calculate finite-size effects of the Gaussian model in a Lx(d-1) box geometry with free boundary conditions in one direction and periodic boundary conditions in d-1 directions for 2 infinity ). Finite-size scaling is found to be valid for d<3 and d>3 but logarithmic deviations from finite-size scaling are found for the free energy and energy density ...

A gradient Si-rich oxide multilayer (GSRO-ML) deposition structure is proposed to achieve super-high density Si quantum dot (QD) thin film formation while preserving QD size controllability for better photovoltaic properties. Our results indicate that the Si QD thin film using a GSRO-ML structure can efficiently increase the QD density and control the QD size. Its optical properties clearly pro...

ZnO photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cell were sythesized by using sol-gel spin coating method. XRD pattern confirmed that ZnO film was crystalline in nature and crystallite size calculated was 45.8 nm. The grain size measured form SEM image of ZnO film was 66.6 nm. Transmission of thin film was observed 75-92% in wavelength range from 400-800nm. The photon to electron conversion effiecienc...

Film calibration is time-consuming work when dose accuracy is essential while working in a range of photon scatter environments. This study uses the single-target single-hit model of film response to fit the calibration curves as a function of calibration method, processor condition, field size and depth. Kodak XV film was irradiated perpendicular to the beam axis in a solid water phantom. Stan...

Casein films were successfully prepared with the spin-coating technique of aqueous casein solutions on base-treated glass surfaces. The film structure is investigated in real space with optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy and for the first time in reciprocal space with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The size of the substructures detected in the film increase...

In this work, we present an experimental technique for obtaining highly ordered L1 FePt-oxide thin film media at moderate deposition temperatures. In most previous studies, a FePt-Oxide layer is directly deposited on a (001) textured MgO layer. By introducing a buffer layer in between the FePt-oxide layer and the MgO underlayer, we are able to substantially enhance the L1 ordering of the FePt-o...