Ethanol Internal Combustion Engines HIGHLIGHTS PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY STATUS – The use of biofuels (e.g. bio-ethanol and biodiesel) in the transport sector can save significant amounts of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Internal combustion engines (ICEs) can run on bio-ethanol manufactured from biomass or waste through biochemical processes. Agricultural feedstock such as sugar...

Experimental profiles of stable species mole fractions are reported for ethanol oxidation in a Variable Pressure Flow Reactor (VPFR) at initial temperatures of 800-950K and constant pressures of 3 to 12atm. A detailed mechanism for ethanol combustion is developed in a hierarchical manner, and at each level, the newly added portions of the mechanism are tested by thorough comparison of model pre...

Some data in mixed-reactant fuel cells (MRFC) at Newcastle using formic acid, methanol and ethanol are reported. The importance of using a fuel tolerant selective cathode catalyst has been identified. The influence of fuel and oxidant conditions and feeding patterns has been evaluated. The cell performance using air, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide is reported. The highest peak power density of 16...

Meeting US ethanol blending mandates proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency will require a substantial number of motorists with flex-fuel vehicles to switch from low ethanol-gasoline blends to high ethanol-gasoline blends. The lower the willingness to pay for high-ethanol blends, the greater the cost of complying with the proposed mandates. Existing estimates of the willingness to pay ...

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria may limit the effectiveness of antibiotics to treat bacterial contamination in fuel ethanol plants, and therefore, new antibacterial intervention methods and tools to test their application are needed. Using shake-flask cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on saccharified corn mash and strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a dry-grind...

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol involves pretreatments followed by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis to generate fermentable sugars. Efficient pretreatment method can significantly enhance hydrolysis of biomass and thus reduce ethanol production cost. Cellulosic plant materials are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, the cheapest source of fermentable sugars....

Bio ethanol is an attractive, sustainable energy source to fuel transportation, produced from kinds of biomasses. Among kinds of biomass, lignocellulosic biomass is a very useful feedstock to economically produce environmentally friendly biofuels. The main goal of the research described in this paper is to investigate the process of pretreated biomass, acid or enzymatic hydrolysis, Fermentation...

This paper presents a general review of biomass-to-ethanol, analysis of conversion pathways from technical, economic and environmental points of view, and estimation of production cost in the Indian context. Due to learning curve and other economic reasons, Brazil and the United States are found to be more competitive worldwide and will maintain their comparative advantage in the next decade. H...

The ethanol industry is growing in response to increased consumer demands for fuel as well as the renewable fuel standard. Corn ethanol processing creates the following products: 1/3 ethanol, 1/3 distillers grains, and 1/3 carbon dioxide. As the production of ethanol increases so does the generation of its coproducts, and viable uses continually need to be developed. A survey was mailed to oper...

There is a growing interest worldwide to find out new and cheap carbohydrate sources for production of bioethanol. In this work, carob pod (Ceratonia Siliqua) is proposed as an economical source for ethanol production, especially, in arid regions. The carob tree is an evergreen shrub native to the Mediterranean region, cultivated for its edible seed pods and it is currently being reemphasised a...