mutations in the human hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome contribute to its escape from host immune surveillance and result in persistent infections. the aim of this study was to characterize the molecular variations of the surface gene and protein in chronically-infected patients from the southern part of iran. the  surface  genes  from  12  hbv  chronic  carriers  were  amplified, sequenced  and ...

conclusions the results revealed that the novel multi-epitope dna construct could be an effective candidate in tuberculosis vaccine development, and it is qualified to investigate its potential to induce cd4 and cd8 t- cell immune response in the experimental animal model. results mhc class i-and class ii-predicted epitopes showed a high potential to binding to human hlas alleles, with global b...

background: vaccines capable of controlling tumor virus based infections are found difficult to develop due to the consistence latent infection in the host. dna vaccines are attractive tools for the development of hpv vaccines and inducing antigen-specific immunity owing to the stability, simplicity of delivery, safety and cost effectiveness. however, there is a need to increase their potency b...

We investigated the crystal structure of an HLA-A*2402-restricted CTL epitope in the HIV-1 nef gene (Nef134-10) before (pHLA) or after TCR docking. The wild type epitope and two escape mutants were included in the study. Y135F was an early-appearing major mutation, while F139L was a late-appearing mutation which was selected in the patients without Y135F. F139 was an eminent feature of the Nef1...

Background: There are two subclasses of human IgA (IgA1 and IgA2) that differ in antigenic properties and in chemical composition. The constant domains of α1 and α2 heavy chains have >95% sequence homology though major structural differences exist in the hinge region. Quantitation of IgA subclass levels depends on the availability of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for conserved conformat...

The concept that HLA antibodies are specific for epitopes rather than HLA antigens is important not only for the determination of mismatch acceptability for sensitized patients but also for a better understanding of the antibody response to an HLA mismatch. Numerous publications describe epitope-specific antibodies, but there is no standardized information about the repertoire of clinically rel...

introduction : designing an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 is a global health priority . multi-epitope vaccines offer several potential advantages that may be promising in case of mutable divergent pathogens such as hiv-1. herein, a multiepitopic recombinant protein containing various hiv-1 antigens was expressed in e. coli cells and its immunogenicity in combina...

background : the aim of this study was to generate in silico 3d-structure of the envelope protein of ahfv using homology modeling method to further predict its conformational epitopes and help other studies to investigate its structural features using the model. methods : a 3d-structure prediction was developed for the envelope protein of alkhumra haemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv), an emerging ti...

Eliciting antibodies to surface-exposed viral glycoproteins can generate protective responses that control and prevent future infections. Targeting conserved sites may reduce the likelihood of escape limit spread related viruses with pandemic potential. Here, we leveraged rational immunogen design focus humoral on epitopes. Using glycan engineering epitope scaffolding, directed murine serum ant...

BACKGROUND Hypervariability of HCV proteins is an important obstacle to design an efficient vaccine for HCV infection. Multi-epitope vaccines containing conserved epitopes of the virus could be a promising approach for protection against HCV. OBJECTIVES Cellular and humoral immune responses against multi-epitope DNA and peptide vaccines were evaluated in BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS I...